Reduction of Ischemic Brain Injury by Topical Application of Glial Cell Line–Derived Neurotrophic Factor After Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

Abstract

These data suggest that the reduction of infarct size and brain edema by GDNF was greatly associated with the reduction of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic signals predominantly through caspases-1 and -3 cascades.