Sintering Behavior of Cadmium‐Doped Pb(Ni _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ –PbZrO ₃ –PbTiO ₃ Ceramics

Abstract

Substituting Cd 2+ ions into the A and B sites in a Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 PbZrO 3 PbTiO 3 (PNNPZPT) ternary perovskite material made it possible to determine the effects of the Cd 2+ ion substitution site on sintering behavior. The substitution site of the Cd 2+ ion was identified by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. Although Cd 2+ ions were substituted into the A and B sites in PNNPZPT, the Cd 2+ ions preferred the A site over the B site. When Cd 2+ ions replaced Pb 2+ ions, a weight gain was observed during sintering. On the other hand, replacing Ni2 ions with Cd 2+ ions promoted weight loss. Those weight changes indicated that Cd 2+ ions change the bonding strength between the B‐site cations and the oxygen of the octahedron in a perovskite structure. Density was influenced by the Cd 2+ ion substitution site, and the A‐site‐doped compositions had higher densities than the B‐site‐doped compositions.