Sintering of PZT Ceramics: I, Atmosphere Control

Abstract

Methods of PbO atmosphere control during the sintering of PZT ceramics are briefly reviewed. The problem of atmosphere control of PZT compositions containing a PbO excess (PbO/(Zr,Ti)O 2 >1) is discussed. Weight‐loss experiments were performed to compare with behavior predicted by reference to the PbO‐rich part of the ternary PbO‐ZrO 2 ‐TiO 2 phase diagram. The results indicated that the PbO activity of a PZT composition is a function of the excess PbO content, contrary to earlier reports. Experimental procedures were established in order to control the PbO content within satisfactory limits. The effects of various packing powders on the PbO content of sintered PZT compacts were evaluated.