Representation of colour concepts in bilingual cognition: The case of Japanese blues

TLDR

Lexical coding of colour influences categorical perception, with bilinguals’ sensitivity to colour categories affected by the availability of terms and language exposure, as shown in Greek–English and Japanese–English studies. The study investigates how linguistic and extralinguistic factors affect Japanese–English bilinguals’ sensitivity to the blue/light‑blue distinction. The authors examined bilinguals’ sensitivity to the blue/light‑blue distinction by manipulating linguistic and extralinguistic variables. Bilinguals who used English more frequently distinguished blue and light blue less accurately than those who used Japanese more, indicating that bilingual colour perception is dynamic and depends on language use frequency.

Abstract

Previous studies demonstrate that lexical coding of colour influences categorical perception of colour, such that participants are more likely to rate two colours to be more similar if they belong to the same linguistic category (Roberson et al., 2000, 2005). Recent work shows changes in Greek–English bilinguals' perception of within and cross-category stimulus pairs as a function of the availability of the relevant colour terms in semantic memory, and the amount of time spent in the L2-speaking country (Athanasopoulos, 2009). The present paper extends Athanasopoulos' (2009) investigation by looking at cognitive processing of colour in Japanese–English bilinguals. Like Greek, Japanese contrasts with English in that it has an additional monolexemic term for ‘light blue’ (mizuiro) . The aim of the paper is to examine to what degree linguistic and extralinguistic variables modulate Japanese–English bilinguals' sensitivity to the blue/light blue distinction. Results showed that those bilinguals who used English more frequently distinguished blue and light blue stimulus pairs less well than those who used Japanese more frequently. These results suggest that bilingual cognition may be dynamic and flexible, as the degree to which it resembles that of either monolingual norm is, in this case, fundamentally a matter of frequency of language use.