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Assessment of the impacts of surface topography, off-nadir pointing and vegetation structure on vegetation lidar waveforms using an extended geometric optical and radiative transfer model

EngineeringVegetation Lidar WaveformsRadiative Transfer ModellingVegetation-atmosphere InteractionsAtmospheric ScienceGeographyRemote SensingOptical Remote SensingForest MeteorologyTerrestrial SensingRadiative Transfer ModelSurface TopographyEarth ScienceReflectance Modeling