Forestry is the academic discipline and applied science concerned with the creation, management, use, and conservation of forests, woodlands, and associated natural resources. As a research field, it investigates the complex ecological, biological, social, economic, and policy aspects of forest ecosystems. Key characteristics include the application of scientific principles and sustainable practices to ensure the long-term health, productivity, and resilience of forests, contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, resource provision, and human well-being.