Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2005 · 19 citations · 31 references
Life SciencesImmunologyInfectious DiseasesImmunology Of Infectious DiseasesInnate ImmunityNeuroimmunologyAntiviral ImmunityImmune SignalingInnate Immune ActivationInnate Immune ResponseInnate Immune Signaling PathwaysToll-like ReceptorsInflammatory Response To Viral InfectionInnate Cytokine ResponsesInnate Immune CytokinesInnate Immunity PathwaysToll-like Receptor SignalingToll-like Receptor Signaling CascadesToll-like Receptor Signaling PathwaysTranscriptional Activators
The vaccinia virus N1L ORF encodes a protein that enhances virulence and replication of the virus by an unknown mechanism. It has been studied for its ability to enhance viral replication and dissemination in the brain and more recently has been linked to an immunomodulatory role in which it inhibits the activation of cytokine transcription activators in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways after pathogen recognition. The effect of N1L on the release of cytokines from human primary monocytes was investigated. Secretion of the proinflammatory, antiviral cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found to be inhibited by the presence of the N1L protein.
31
IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages
David Fiorentino, Albert Zlotnik, Tim R. Mosmann et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 1991 · 2.9K citations · Full text
Antiviral effects of recombinant tumour necrosis factor in vitro
Jürgen Mestan, W. Digel, Sibylle Mittnacht et al. · Nature · 1986 · 387 citations