Environmental Science & Technology · 2009 · 206 citations · 19 references
PharmacyEnvironmental SciencesToxicologyEnvironmental HealthEnvironmental ToxicologyOccupational ToxicologyAir PollutantsEnvironmental ContaminantsExposure AssessmentHousehold Chemical ExposuresIndoor Air PollutionIndoor Pollutant SourcesDust Exposure AssessmentExposure Route AssessmentHousehold Dust ExposureIndoor Air ContaminantsPerfluoroalkyl Substance ExposurePerfluoroalkyl SubstancesRoute Of Exposure AssessmentWorst-case Scenario
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are globally distributed, persistent, toxic, and are found in human blood and serum. Exposure pathways are not well characterized. To better understand indoor dust ingestion as a potential pathway for human exposure, we determined the concentrations of these compounds in dust collected from 10 houses, 38 apartments, 10 day care centers, 10 offices, and 5 cars. Samples were prepared using a rapid extraction and cleanup method and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. PFOS and PFOA were found in dust samples from all microenvironments and their concentrations were significantly positively correlated to each other. Highest median concentrations were seen in offices (PFOS: 110 ng/g dry weight) and apartments (PFOA: 93 ng/g dw). Adult and toddler dust ingestion exposures were estimated and compared to dietary exposure data from Canada and Spain. Results show that diet is the most important exposure route, but in a worst case scenario, dust ingestion may also be significant.
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Anna Kärrman, Ingrid Ericson, Bert van Bavel et al. · Environmental Health Perspectives · 2006 · 469 citations · Full text
Sheryl A. Tittlemier, K. W. Pepper, Carol Seymour et al. · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · 2007 · 435 citations