Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · 1998 · 26 citations · 10 references
EducationEducational PsychologyEducational TechnologyCognitive DevelopmentVirtual Reality In EducationVisual PerceptionImmersive Learning EnvironmentsSpatial CognitionSpatial NavigationSpatial PerceptionVirtual RealityVirtual World NavigationDevelopment Of Spatial NavigationLandmark KnowledgeLandmark NavigationNavigation In Immersive EnvironmentsSpatial ImmersionSpatial Navigation AssessmentSpatial Reasoning DevelopmentVirtual Environment Navigation
Adults and middle elementary schoolchildren (7-9 years old) were taught a route through a six room virtual house, while wearing a helmet mounted display (HMD) and using a joystick to navigate the virtual environment (VE). Participants viewed the environment under monoscopic conditions with field-of-view (FOV) set at either 30° H × 22° V or 48° H × 36° V. Participants performed tasks designed to assess their spatial knowledge in terms of landmark knowledge, route knowledge, and three configuration knowledge metrics. Landmark knowledge did not significantly change with age or FOV (p > .05). As both age and FOV increased, route and configuration knowledge significantly increased (p < .05). The results are discussed in terms of designing VEs for children.
10
Cognitive Maps in Children and Men
Stephen M. Kosslyn, Herbert L. Pick, Griffin R. Fariello · Child Development · 1974 · 195 citations