Applied Physics Letters · 2000 · 24 citations · 10 references
EngineeringMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceMaterials CharacterizationNanotechnologySemiconductor DevicesInterconnect TechnologyMetal-semiconductor ContactsNanoscale MaterialsScanning Probe MicroscopySemiconductor Device MaterialsSemiconductor InterfacesCopper InterconnectsElectromigrationElectromigration AnalysisInterconnect CharacterizationNanoelectronic InterconnectsNondestructive AnalysisNondestructive TestingPhysical Properties
This letter describes quantitative nondestructive measurements of multilayer submicron Cu/SiO2 interconnect structures such as Cu lines, vias, and W lines with lateral dimensions down to 300 nm and electromigration defect structures using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy employing a 0.2 μm x-ray beam. Typical measurement accuracies are ⩽60 nm for widths and lengths and ⩽10% in height. The high-resolution and nondestructive nature of this technique provide a very powerful probe of physical properties of nanoscale and submicron materials and structures.
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Copper interconnections and reliability
C.‐K. Hu, J. M. E. Harper · Materials Chemistry and Physics · 1998 · 280 citations