On the optical properties of micro- and nanometric size PbI₂particles

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) were used to examine small particles produced by the chemical reaction between Pb(NO3)2 and KI in different liquid media: water, methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. By stoichiometric changes in the synthesis reaction, platelets of PbI2 and rods probably of KPbI3 are produced. Regardless of shape and size, these particles exhibit almost the same PL, which consists of two intense bands centred around the 2.5 (E band) and 2.0 eV (G band), in turn similar to that of a crystalline slide or a micrometric powder, both prepared from a PbI2 single-crystal grown from the melt. Crystalline PbI2 platelets exhibit an E band with two components, at 2.49 (EF band) and 2.47 eV (ET band), originating in the recombination of the free and trapped excitons produced by inter-band irradiation. A close relation between the enhancement of the ET and G band reveals that they are linked to the surface defects. For the rod-like particles, the PL spectrum is somewhat similar to that of a Pb2+ ion introduced into an alkaline halide lattice, which as for any ns2 ion displays two emission bands, AT and AX, whose correspondents are E and G bands.