Micro‐macro interrelations and the order parameter concept in the field theory of societal systems

Abstract

Abstract A historical review and interpretation of the concepts of field theory, field, field of forces, and order parameter is provided. The historical meaning of these concepts in physics and in psychology is discussed, but emphasis is placed on applications to complex societal systems. Evidence for longitudinal attitude and expectancy change and for social learning is reviewed and interpreted. The mathematical formalization of the key concepts is discussed and representative equations presented. The evolution of the world system‐field over the next two decades is discussed and some likely sources of crises and reconfiguration pointed out. Policy implications of this evolution are noted.