IEEE Transactions on Computers · 1973 · 328 citations · 2 references
EngineeringComputer EngineeringComputer ScienceFault ToleranceFault-tolerant ComputingFault-tolerant SystemsClock ManagementClock SynchronizationFault DiagnosisHardware DebuggingHardware Fault ToleranceTiming AnalysisAsynchronous Circuit DesignFlip-flop ArchitectureFlip-flop DesignMetastabilityMetastability AnalysisMetastability Delay ModelingMetastability MitigationMetastable Defects
Observations are shown of oscillatory and metastable behavior of flip-flops in response to logically undefined input conditions such as those that occur in synchronizers and arbiters. Significant systems failures have resulted from this fundamentally inescapable problem that is generally not appreciated by system designers and users.
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A.D. Scarbrough · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1963 · 18 citations