MALDI‐TOF MS characterization of proanthocyanidins from cranberry fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>) that inhibit tumor cell growth and matrix metalloproteinase expression <i>in vitro</i>

Abstract

Abstract Proanthocyanidin‐rich extracts were prepared by fractionation of the fruit of the North American cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ). In vitro growth inhibition assays in eight tumor cell lines showed that selected fractions inhibited the growth of H460 lung tumors, HT‐29 colon and K562 leukemia cells at GI 50 values ranging from 20 to 80 µg ml −1 . Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) of one of these fractions found it to be composed of polyflavan‐3‐ols, which are primarily tetramers through heptamers of epicatechin containing one or two A‐type linkages. Whole cranberry extract and the proanthocyanidin fractions were screened for effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in DU 145 prostate carcinoma cells. The expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 was inhibited in response to whole cranberry extract and to a lesser degree by the proanthocyanidin fractions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry