Youth & Society · 1999 · 98 citations · 30 references
Electronic GamesOnline GamingGame TheoryMedia ViolenceGame ContentCommunicationJournalismMedia StudiesSocial MediaMedia EffectsContent AnalysisGame DesignMechanism DesignCommercial RatingsOnline GamesArtsUser ExperienceGame AnalyticsDigital MediaGamesDigital EntertainmentBusinessTechnologyVideo Game AddictionAggression
Commercial ratings assist parents in monitoring their children's media experiences. Exposure to media violence may affect attitudes and behavior, and rating systems should accurately reflect the presence of violent content. Validity indicators for commercial rating systems are examined, including consistency with consumer perceptions. Violent electronic games are a contemporary media phenomenon. A comparison of commercial ratings for popular electronic games with consumer perceptions of game content indicates that, for games with obviously nonviolent or very violent content, there is agreement between consumers and the commercial system. However, there is considerable disagreement about notable violent content in games with cartoon-type violence. Recommendations include incorporating consumer perceptions into a comprehensive, content-based, informational rating system for all entertainment media.
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Growing up with television: The cultivation perspective.
George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Michael Morgan et al. · 1994 · 775 citations
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
Sidney Ditzion, Robert Jay Lifton, Alan P. Grimes et al. · American Quarterly · 1969 · 698 citations
Chronic Community Violence: What Is Happening to Our Children?
Joy D. Osofsky, Sarah Wewers, Della M. Hann et al. · Psychiatry · 1993 · 451 citations
Media Violence, Chronic Community Violence, United States +16