New Directions for Higher Education · 2013 · 23 citations · 10 references
Institutional EnvironmentPublic PolicyStudent RetentionRetention ResearchStudent SuccessEducational PsychologyManagementInstitutional ProductivityEducationAcademic Career DevelopmentInstitutional RetentionEducational AssessmentPs FrameworkStudent OutcomeUniversity Student RetentionInstitutional InnovationHigher EducationStudent Affairs
Abstract This chapter introduces a 4 Ps framework for student retention strategies— profile , progress , process , and promise . This framework provides a comprehensive approach to focusing retention research and strategies in ways that can improve institutional retention and completion rates.
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Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education.
Alexander W. Astin · 1999 · 5.3K citations