Critical Care Medicine · 1995 · 88 citations · 26 references
A decrease of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR expression occurs after neurosurgery and is associated with a preceding, strong, intracranial (but not systemic) inflammatory response. A very low monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR expression (< 30% positive monocytes) suggests the possibility of infection. Measurement of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR expression could help to detect patients with a high risk of infection after neurosurgery. Our results suggest that even sterile central nervous system surgery may contribute to general immunodepression. The local intracranial inflammatory response may be involved in this process.
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René de Waal Malefyt, John B.A.G. Haanen, Hergen Spits et al. · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 1991 · 1.9K citations · Full text
Adaptive Immune System, T-regulatory Cell, Viral Immunity +20
Detection of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor after Endotoxin Administration
H. R. Michie, Kirk R. Manogue, David R. Spriggs et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 1988 · 1.7K citations
Immunology, Pathology, Inflammation +17
MIF is a pituitary-derived cytokine that potentiates lethal endotoxaemia
J. Bernhagen, Thierry Calandra, Robert A. Mitchell et al. · Nature · 1993 · 991 citations