A MIXED-CONSEQUENCE SYSTEM FOR REDUCING OVERTIME AND UNSCHEDULED ABSENCES

Abstract

A distinction is made between a single-consequence control system, which reinforces or punishes, and a mixed-consequence control system, which utilizes both reinforcers and punishers. Research on the use of single-consequence systems to control absenteeism indicates that the results have been generally positive, but unimpressive. The present study reports the outcome of a mixed-consequence system that incorporated both reinforcers and punishers to control the incidence of overtime and unscheduled absences in a medical center. The mixed consequence system resulted in: (a) a reduction of 54% in average annual overtime hours; (b) an arrest of the sharp upward trend in the costs of paid sick leave; and (c) employee satisfaction with the new program. A benefit analysis of these changes in absences indicated a substantial monetary benefit to the organization. The use of a mixed- consequence system was considered the critical aspect of the intervention.