The effects of effort toward comprehension on recall

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1972 · 9.5K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +12

Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory.

Fergus I. M. Craik, Endel Tulving · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · 1975 · 3.9K citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +12

Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall

John D. Bransford, Marcia K. Johnson · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1972 · 2.2K citations

Education, Educational Psychology, Psychology +10

The role of rehearsal in short-term memory

Fergus I. M. Craik, Michael J. Watkins · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1973 · 613 citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +10

Cognition and the symbolic processes

Fraser Watts · Behaviour Research and Therapy · 1977 · 381 citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +12