Mechanical Investigations on Agar Gels Using Atomic Force Microscopy: Effect of Deuteration

Abstract

Abstract The isotopic effect of exchanging deuterium with hydrogen on the mechanical and surface properties of agar gel is examined. The elastic modulus of the D 2 O gels obtained by AFM nanoindentation is significantly higher (factor of ≈1.5–2) than the modulus found in H 2 O agar gels. Furthermore, the modulus is independent of loading rate. Surface imaging reveals that the surface roughness gets progressively smaller with increasing agar concentration. All these data suggest that the isotopic replacement of deuterium enhances the mechanical properties of the agar gel, with significant advantages in its use as a biphasic scaffold. magnified image