The fractional quantum Hall effect

H. L. Störmer, D. C. Tsui, A. C. Gossard

Reviews of Modern Physics · 1999 · 476 citations · 45 references

Concepts

TL;DR

Two‑dimensional electron systems in high magnetic fields exhibit strange behavior that emerges from highly correlated motion rather than individual electrons. Electrons absorb magnetic flux quanta, changing their statistics and effectively consuming the magnetic field. The system displays rational fractional quantum numbers, fractionally charged particles, and condenses into novel bosonic and fermionic ground states.

Abstract

Two-dimensional electron systems in a high magnetic field behave very strangely. They exhibit rational fractional quantum numbers and contain exactly fractionally charged particles. Electrons seem to absorb magnetic flux quanta, altering their statistics and consuming the magnetic field. They condense into a manifold of novel ground states of boson and fermion character. These fascinating properties are not characteristic of any individual electron but rather emerge from the highly correlated motion of many.

References

45