Bay Laurel Contains Antimutagenic Kaempferyl Coumarate Acting against the Dietary Carcinogen 3-Amino-1-methyl-5<i>H</i>-pyrido[4,3-<i>b</i>]indole (Trp-P-2)

Abstract

A novel antimutagen in bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) acts against the dietary carcinogen 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). The antimutagen was purified chromatographically from ethyl acetate extract of bay leaf and identified instrumentally to be 3-kaempferyl p-coumarate. The yield was 20 mg from 100 g of bay, and its IC50 value, the amount required for 50% inhibition of the mutagenicity of 20 ng of Trp-P-2, was 1.9 μg. This value is close to those for strong antimutagens such as flavones and flavonols. The antimutagenicity was due to a desmutagenic action that inhibited the metabolic activation of Trp-P-2 to its ultimate carcinogenic form. The kaempferyl moiety contributed to the activity. Interestingly, this compound had weak bioantimutagenicity and could also suppress the mutagenicity of direct mutagens. Keywords: Kaempferyl coumarate; antimutagen; flavonoid; dietary carcinogen; cancer prevention