Journal of Applied Physics · 1998 · 16 citations · 23 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceNanomaterialsNanotechnologyThin FilmsCarbon NanomaterialsSurface PhysicsThin Film NucleationThin Film Surface MorphologyFilm FormationFilm Growth MechanismsIsland GrowthIsland Growth KineticsPyrolytic GraphiteScaling AnalysisThin-film Growth KineticsThin-film Growth Mechanisms
We present here investigations of the initial steps in the formation of ultrathin carbon films on a carbon highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate by the deposition of low energy carbon ions at temperatures from ambient to 300 °C. We used an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy to observe the growth of these films. At a nanometer scale, we revealed a roughening transition of the island’s growth, from lateral to tridimensional growth. Also, here we introduce the scaling analysis of roughness to describe the evolution of the morphology of the interface during growth. The ultrathin film formation mechanisms are studied as a function of ion density and annealing.
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Dynamic Scaling of Growing Interfaces
Mehran Kardar, Giorgio Parisi, Yi-Cheng Zhang · Physical Review Letters · 1986 · 5.4K citations
Dietrich E. Wolf, Jacques Villain · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · 1990 · 667 citations