Characterization and Authentication of Significant Chinese Edible Oilseed Oils by Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis

Abstract

Abstract The ratios of stable carbon isotopes (δ 13 C) of 12 oils extracted from Chinese edible oilseed samples and their individual fatty acids were determined by elemental analysis‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS) and gas chromatography‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐IRMS). The results have demonstrated that the δ 13 C ratios of the oils from C3‐plant seeds range from −26.8 to −30.7‰, while the δ 13 C ratios of C4‐plant maize oil are in the interval of −14.1 to −16.2‰. Eighteen fatty acids were identified and their abundances were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in these oils with C 16:0 , C 18:0 , C 18:1 and C 18:2 as the major constituents. From the data on fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes, several sensitive markers were developed to detect the adulteration of Chinese edible oilseed oils. Examples are provided with pre‐blended samples to illustrate the discrimination procedures and corresponding sensitive markers with emphasis on camellia seed oil, flax seed oil and perilla seed oil.