Natural occurrence of <i>Fusavium</i> toxins in oats harvested during five years in an area of southwest Germany

Abstract

A total of 56, 56, 54, 51, and 55 oats samples used for feed production were collected randomly after the 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992 crops, respectively, from farms located in an area of southwest Germany. Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-, 15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS), zearalenone (ZEA), alpha and beta-zearalenol (alpha-, beta-ZOL) by GC-MS or by HPLC. DON was the major toxin with incidences at 49-85% and mean levels in positive samples of 52-302 micrograms/kg. Incidences of ZEA, 3-ADON, NIV, HT-2, and T-2 were at 20-37, 0-30, 18-67, 0-29, and 27-61%, respectively, with mean levels in positive samples at 8-25, 5-63, 11-192, 205-296, and 20-244 micrograms/kg, respectively. alpha- and beta-ZOL and DAS were not detected in any sample. 15-ADON and FUS-X were assayed in samples from 1987, 1991 and 1992. 15-ADON was detected in 9, 4 and 0% of samples, with an average of 9 and 18 micrograms/kg, respectively; FUS-X was not detected. The incidence and levels of toxins varied from year to year. The correlation between the occurrence of toxins and precipitation is discussed.