Impact of Dietary Counseling on Urinary Stone Risk Parameters in Recurrent Stone Formers

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the current impact of dietary counseling on the risk for urolithiasis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of the patients treated in our stone clinics from July 2007 to February 2009 was carried out. Patients' urinary risk factors for stone disease were evaluated with pre- and postintervention 24-hour urine collections. All patients received dietary recommendations from a registered dietician at each visit. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven subjects were identified and managed initially with only dietary interventions to address their urinary stone risk parameters. Average follow-up for this group was 15.19 ± 13.7 months. Subjects showed significant changes in urine volume (71.1%, 1.68 ± 0.68 to 2.59 ± 0.80 L/day, p < 0.0001), urine sodium (58.1%, 229.68 ± 72.51 to 144.65 ± 52.70 mmol/day, p < 0.0001), urine calcium (43.8%, 314.33 ± 95.75 to 216.81 ± 80.90 mg/day, p < 0.0001), urinary uric acid (50%, 0.821 ± 0.210 to 0.622 ± 0.128 g/day, p < 0.0001), urinary citrate (50.7%, 583.19 ± 330.86 to 797.36 ± 412.31, p < 0.0001), and urine oxalate (55.5%, 46.28 ± 10.31 to 32.56 ± 9.02 mg/day, p < 0.0001). The supersaturation for calcium oxalate also decreased significantly from baseline (9.34-5.03, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Our results support the use of dietary counseling by a registered dietician in the management of urolithiasis.