Concepedia

Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an 'atypical' opioid analgesic.

Robert B. Raffa, Elmar Friderichs, Wolfgang Reimann, Richard P. Shank, E E Codd, J. L. Vaught

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 1992 · 1.2K citations · 0 references