The Journal of Immunology · 2002 · 123 citations · 43 references
Life SciencesImmunologyInfectious DiseasesCellular ImmunologyImmunoregulationSignal TransductionAntigen PresentationCell-mediated ImmunityCytotoxic T Lymphocyte ResponsesImmune SignalingT Cell ActivationT Cell BiologyAntiviral T Cell ResponsesCd8 Positive T Cell ResponsesCd8 Positive T CellsCellular Immune Response To VirusesPeptide SpecificityRegulatory Immune ResponsesT-cell Immune ResponsesTransforming Growth Factor Beta-mediated Immune Suppression
HIV-infected individuals may progressively lose both HIV-specific and unrelated CTL responses despite the high number of circulating CD8+ T cells. In this study, we report that approximately 25% of HIV+ donors produced TGF-beta(1) in response to stimulation with HIV proteins or peptides. The production of TGF-beta(1) was sufficient to significantly reduce the IFN-gamma response of CD8+ cells to both HIV and vaccinia virus proteins. Ab to TGF-beta reversed the suppression. We found the source of the TGF-beta(1) to be predominantly CD8+ cells. Different peptide pools stimulated TGF-beta(1) and IFN-gamma in the same individual. The TGF-beta(1) secreting cells have distinct peptide specificity from the IFN-gamma producing cells. This represents an important mechanism by which an HIV-specific response can nonspecifically suppress both HIV-specific and unrelated immune responses.
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Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection
Eric Rosenberg, Marcus Altfeld, Samuel Poon et al. · Nature · 2000 · 998 citations