Table of Contents
Overview
Definition of Stroke
A stroke, often referred to as a brain attack, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to brain damage. This interruption can be caused by a blockage, such as a blood clot, or by bleeding in the brain, known as a hemorrhagic stroke.[2.1] Symptoms vary depending on the affected brain area, with common signs including sudden paralysis, speech and vision difficulties, and severe headaches.[6.1] Strokes are categorized into two primary types: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes occur when a blood vessel supplying the brain is obstructed, often by a blood clot or other debris, which may originate from the heart as an embolus.[5.1] Hemorrhagic strokes result from the rupture of a blood vessel, causing bleeding in or around the brain. Treatment may involve medications and procedures to control blood pressure and relieve pressure, as well as surgical interventions to address the bleeding source.[4.1] Recovery after a stroke depends on factors such as the location and extent of brain damage, the patient's age, and other medical conditions.[4.1] Stroke is a medical emergency, and early care is crucial for long-term recovery and prognosis.[34.1] In suspected cases, following established stroke protocol guidelines is essential. Upon arrival at the emergency department, healthcare providers should assess vital signs within 10 minutes, provide oxygen if needed, obtain intravenous access, conduct laboratory tests, check glucose levels, activate the stroke team, and perform a neurologic screening.[31.1] Early interventions in acute stroke care, such as antiplatelet therapy, stroke unit care, and thrombolysis, have been shown to significantly reduce death and disability.[34.1] These protocols are continually updated with advancements in medical research to ensure effective management of stroke patients.Types of Stroke
Strokes are primarily categorized into two main types: ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, each with distinct causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Ischemic strokes occur when a blockage in one of the arteries leading to the brain restricts blood flow. This blockage can result from conditions such as atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease.[20.1] In contrast, hemorrhagic strokes happen when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding either in or around the brain. Common causes of hemorrhagic strokes include high blood pressure, brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and trauma.[21.1] The differences between these two types of strokes significantly influence their treatment and recovery. For ischemic strokes, treatment often involves the use of clot-busting medications or endovascular surgery to remove the blockage, particularly if the patient arrives at the hospital within three hours of the onset of symptoms.[25.1] Conversely, the treatment for hemorrhagic strokes focuses on controlling the bleeding and reducing intracranial pressure.[24.1] Understanding these differences is crucial for effective diagnosis and management, as they dictate not only the immediate treatment strategies but also the long-term recovery paths and prevention strategies for patients.[22.1] Both types of strokes share common risk factors, such as hypertension and lifestyle habits, but their unique characteristics necessitate tailored approaches to care.[22.1]History
Early Understanding of Stroke
The understanding of stroke has evolved significantly over millennia, with early references to the condition found in ancient civilizations. The term "apoplexy" was commonly used in antiquity to describe a range of disorders, including those now recognized as acute cerebral events. This term encompassed both vascular and non-vascular conditions, such as abscesses and tumors, as well as non-cerebral acute occurrences like myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism.[70.1] The understanding and management of stroke, historically referred to as apoplexy, can be traced back over 6000 years to ancient civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Evidence of this early recognition is preserved in various artifacts such as mummies, inscriptions, and papyri from the Egyptian civilization, as well as clay tablets from Mesopotamia.[68.1] Although the Greco-Roman civilization is often considered the foundation of modern medicine, the contributions of Muslim physicians during the Islamic Golden Age (800–1200 AD) were also significant. These scholars not only preserved and refined Greco-Roman medical knowledge but also formulated their own theories about stroke, some of which align with contemporary understandings.[71.1] This historical context illustrates the evolution of stroke terminology and management, emphasizing the foundational role of early interpretations in shaping subsequent treatment approaches. The transition from the term "apoplexy" to "stroke" reflects a significant shift in medical terminology and understanding. The term "stroke" gradually replaced "apoplexy" in medical literature, particularly after the introduction of more precise definitions, such as "hemorrhagic apoplexy" for cerebral hemorrhage and "ramollissement du cerveau" for brain softening or infarction in the early 19th century.[70.1] Despite these advancements, effective treatments for acute stroke remained limited until the early 20th century, when rehabilitation became the primary focus for patients, often resulting in permanent deficits.[46.1]Evolution of Stroke Treatment
The treatment of stroke has undergone significant evolution since its early historical references, which date back to ancient Egyptian records around 3500 B.C. These records included descriptions of the brain and its protective fluids, marking the beginning of medical interest in neurological conditions.[47.1] The term "apoplexia" was first used in Hippocratic writings to describe stroke, but for centuries, the understanding of its pathology was limited, primarily influenced by Galen's theories and humoral pathology.[51.1] In the twentieth century, significant advancements in stroke treatment and diagnosis emerged, particularly with the introduction of endovascular thrombectomy. In 2015, five landmark clinical trials demonstrated the benefits of this procedure for select patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, extending the treatment window to six hours from the onset of symptoms.[48.1] This development marked a pivotal shift in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Concurrently, the progression of imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography (CT), has been instrumental in enhancing the early detection of hemorrhagic strokes. These advancements allow for the differentiation between irreversible infarcted and salvageable brain tissues, identification of vascular anomalies, and guidance of treatment strategies for intravenous thrombolysis and intra-arterial thrombectomy.[62.1] Moreover, the integration of advanced imaging techniques has transformed the diagnostic process, enabling acute diagnostic scans to differentiate between hemorrhagic, ischemic, and stroke mimics upon patient admission.[59.1] Recent breakthroughs in neuroplasticity, brain stimulation, and regenerative medicine have further revolutionized stroke rehabilitation, offering new hope to patients and enhancing recovery strategies.[49.1] The understanding of stroke genetics has also progressed, providing insights into the complex genetic factors underlying different stroke subtypes, which is crucial for developing targeted therapies.[50.1] As the field continues to evolve, the focus on comprehensive rehabilitation strategies has become increasingly important. Rehabilitation now encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, integrating physical, occupational, speech, and cognitive therapies to optimize recovery outcomes.[66.1] This dynamic field reflects the ongoing advancements in both the understanding of stroke mechanisms and the technologies available for treatment and rehabilitation, underscoring the necessity for healthcare providers to stay informed about these developments.[64.1]In this section:
Risk Factors
Modifiable Risk Factors
Modifiable risk factors for stroke are lifestyle habits and health conditions that individuals can change or manage to reduce their risk of experiencing a stroke. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is recognized as a leading contributor to stroke risk, with effective management potentially preventing approximately 40% of strokes.[104.1] Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise and a healthy diet can significantly lower blood pressure levels, thereby reducing stroke risk.[105.1] Cigarette smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for stroke, as it can damage the heart and blood vessels, thereby increasing the risk of stroke.[88.1] Smoking cessation is recognized as one of the most powerful lifestyle changes that individuals can make to significantly reduce their stroke risk.[106.1] Additionally, high blood pressure is a leading cause of stroke, and managing it through lifestyle changes or medication can lower the risk of stroke.[88.1] Excessive alcohol consumption can also raise blood pressure levels, further increasing the risk for stroke.[88.1] Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to avoid smoking, limit alcohol intake, and adopt other healthy lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise, to effectively reduce their stroke risk.[105.1] Obesity and physical inactivity are significant modifiable risk factors for stroke and heart disease. Being inactive or overweight can increase the risk of these conditions, as individuals who are obese or sedentary are at a higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke.[91.1] Regular physical activity not only aids in weight management but also serves as an independent factor in reducing stroke risk by lowering blood pressure.[105.1] Additionally, managing diabetes through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, is crucial, as diabetes is closely linked to an increased risk of stroke.[104.1] Effective management of blood pressure is also vital, as uncontrolled hypertension can double or even quadruple the risk of stroke.[105.1] Therefore, incorporating regular exercise and a healthy diet, along with smoking cessation, can significantly reduce stroke risk and improve overall health.[105.1] Modifiable risk factors play a crucial role in stroke prevention, as many of the effects of stroke are largely preventable through lifestyle changes. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a significant contributor to stroke risk, potentially doubling or even quadrupling the likelihood of a stroke if not managed effectively.[105.1] Good blood pressure management can prevent approximately 40% of strokes, highlighting the importance of controlling this risk factor.[104.1] Additionally, managing diabetes through lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary changes can further reduce stroke risk, as these conditions are closely linked to hypertension.[104.1] Regular physical activity not only aids in weight loss and blood pressure reduction but also serves as an independent factor in lowering stroke risk.[105.1] Furthermore, individuals with atrial fibrillation (Afib) face an increased risk of stroke and blood clots, necessitating the use of anticoagulant medications to mitigate this risk.[105.1] Alongside these measures, adopting a healthy diet and quitting smoking are among the most powerful lifestyle changes that can significantly reduce stroke risk.[105.1] Overall, implementing these lifestyle changes can optimize both heart and brain health, thereby promoting overall well-being.[103.1]In this section:
Symptoms And Diagnosis
Common Symptoms
Common stroke symptoms can manifest in various ways, including a drooping face, facial numbness, and difficulty speaking. It is important to note that females may experience more subtle or additional symptoms compared to males.[132.1] A widely recognized method for identifying stroke symptoms is the acronym FAST, which stands for Face, Arms, Speech, and Time. Individuals should call 911 immediately if they or someone else exhibits sudden weakness, confusion, trouble seeing, or a severe headache.[133.1] Despite the prevalence of strokes, public knowledge regarding their symptoms and the appropriate responses remains inadequate. Studies indicate that many individuals lack awareness of the warning signs of stroke, which can lead to delays in seeking emergency assistance.[142.1] Misconceptions about stroke symptoms further complicate this issue. For instance, many people mistakenly believe that stroke symptoms are similar to those of a heart attack, often expecting pain to be present. In reality, 90 percent of stroke cases do not involve pain, which can lead individuals to dismiss their symptoms as temporary.[18.1] Additionally, there are common myths surrounding the demographics affected by strokes. While age is a significant risk factor, strokes can occur at any age, and the belief that they only affect older individuals is misleading.[146.1] This misconception can hinder timely recognition and response to stroke symptoms, emphasizing the need for effective public education campaigns to improve awareness and understanding of stroke signs.[141.1]Diagnostic Methods
A variety of diagnostic methods are employed to accurately identify and assess strokes, which are critical for timely treatment and improved patient outcomes. The initial assessment often involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's symptoms and medical history, alongside various imaging tests and blood tests. Common imaging modalities include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and positron emission tomography (PET).[134.1] CT scans are particularly valuable in the early phases of stroke diagnosis due to their rapid image acquisition and cost-effectiveness. They are effective at identifying brain bleeds and significant changes in brain tissue.[153.1] However, MRI has been shown to provide a more sensitive diagnosis for acute ischemic strokes, revealing ischemic lesions more effectively than CT, especially in the hyperacute phase.[156.1] MRI's ability to detect subtle changes within minutes makes it a crucial tool for early assessment.[156.1] To diagnose a stroke, healthcare providers rely on a combination of patient symptoms, medical history, and various diagnostic tests. Imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and positron emission tomography (PET) are essential in identifying the type, cause, and location of a stroke. Additionally, blood tests, including assessments of glucose levels and clotting factors, along with electrocardiograms (EKG), contribute valuable information for diagnosis.[134.1] The prompt administration of stroke treatments is crucial, as they are most effective when initiated early after the onset of symptoms.[135.1] The F.A.S.T. acronym, which stands for Face, Arm, Speech, and Time, is a crucial mnemonic device designed to aid in the early recognition and detection of stroke symptoms. Each component of the acronym serves a specific purpose: "F" indicates facial drooping, "A" represents arm (or leg) weakness, and "S" signifies speech difficulties, while "T" emphasizes the urgency of calling emergency services if any symptoms are observed.[150.1] This acronym was derived from the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale and has been adopted by the American Heart Association as a primary educational tool to inform the public about stroke symptoms.[149.1] Despite its importance, it is concerning that only an estimated 36% of people in the U.S. are aware of even one sign of a stroke, highlighting the need for effective educational interventions.[151.1] Research has shown that teaching the F.A.S.T. acronym significantly increases knowledge of stroke signs and symptoms among various populations, thereby facilitating timely medical intervention, which is critical as immediate treatment can minimize long-term effects and improve survival rates.[149.1]In this section:
Recent Advancements
Advances in Treatment
Recent advancements in the treatment of stroke have significantly improved patient outcomes and recovery processes. The mainstay of treatment for acute ischemic stroke remains intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase, which has shown benefits even when administered later in selected patients using advanced imaging techniques.[178.1] Additionally, tenecteplase has been evaluated as an alternative thrombolytic agent, demonstrating effectiveness comparable to alteplase.[178.1] Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has emerged as a highly efficacious treatment for acute ischemic stroke, particularly for patients with proximal internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusions. Since 2015, five prospective randomized clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of EVT in conjunction with standard management, typically involving r-tPA, in improving outcomes for patients presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset.[179.1] Despite these advancements, the implementation of EVT remains limited globally, with patterns of underutilization observed across various healthcare systems.[188.1] Recent advancements in stroke rehabilitation have highlighted the potential of emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), virtual reality (VR), and robotic-assisted rehabilitation. These innovative approaches aim to enhance recovery by promoting intensive, repetitive, and engaging therapies, which are essential for neuroplasticity and functional recovery.[180.1] Research indicates that VR and noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) offer promising new rehabilitation possibilities, particularly in addressing upper limb motor dysfunction, a common consequence of stroke.[181.1] While robotic rehabilitation has gained traction for its high-intensity therapy potential, its effectiveness specifically for upper extremity stroke rehabilitation remains uncertain.[183.1] Overall, the integration of these technologies into rehabilitation practices represents a significant shift towards more effective treatment strategies for stroke survivors. The translation of advanced stroke treatments into clinical practice encounters significant challenges. One major issue is the evidence translation gap, which is exemplified by the estimate that it takes approximately 17 years for only 14% of original research to be implemented into practice.[187.1] Additionally, even with major advances in stroke prevention and management, achieving universal implementation remains a challenge.[186.1] Disparities in technology adoption and concerns regarding data privacy further complicate the broader implementation of telemedicine and home-based rehabilitation solutions.[190.1] To improve treatment rates, times, and outcomes, initiatives such as Target: Stroke emphasize the importance of organizing teams to optimize patient care within critical timeframes.[189.1] Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring that advancements in stroke treatment can effectively enhance patient outcomes.In this section:
Rehabilitation And Recovery
Rehabilitation Techniques
Rehabilitation techniques for stroke survivors are essential for facilitating recovery and regaining independence. A comprehensive rehabilitation program is tailored to the individual needs of each stroke survivor, focusing on various aspects of recovery, including physical, cognitive, and emotional rehabilitation. Stroke rehabilitation is a structured program that encompasses different therapies designed to help individuals relearn skills lost due to the stroke. The specific rehabilitation methods employed depend on the areas of the brain affected by the stroke and the unique challenges faced by each survivor.[228.1] Rehabilitation should be needs-led rather than time-limited, ensuring that ongoing needs identified by the stroke survivor, their caregivers, or the multidisciplinary team are addressed across all areas of recovery, including functional abilities, mental health, and social participation.[226.1] The first 30 days following a stroke are particularly critical for recovery, making timely rehabilitation vital.[229.1] A multidisciplinary approach is crucial, as it allows for a comprehensive evaluation and coordination of care tailored to the individual’s deficits.[234.1] This approach often includes occupational therapy, which plays a pivotal role in enhancing the ability of stroke survivors to perform daily activities and improve their quality of life.[242.1] Occupational therapists utilize specialized assessment tools to evaluate functional abilities and identify areas of need, employing strategies such as compensatory approaches and home modifications to improve safety and accessibility.[241.1] In addition to physical rehabilitation, addressing cognitive and emotional challenges is essential. Cognitive rehabilitation exercises can help rewire neural pathways, improving decision-making and problem-solving abilities.[237.1] Emotional support through psychotherapy and counseling can assist stroke survivors in navigating the emotional challenges that arise post-stroke, with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) being particularly effective in developing coping strategies.[236.1]Long-Term Recovery Strategies
Long-term recovery strategies for stroke patients emphasize the critical role of family support and involvement in the rehabilitation process. Research indicates that a positive family influence can significantly impact the mental health of stroke survivors, reducing the risk of depression and anxiety through emotional support and stress management.[256.1] Family members often serve as non-professional caregivers, providing essential assistance with daily living tasks and contributing to the overall well-being of the patient.[260.1] The literature highlights three key areas regarding family function in stroke rehabilitation: the impact of family dynamics on recovery, the effects of stroke on family functioning, and the potential for psychosocial interventions.[257.1] Family involvement is crucial, as it has been shown to correlate with favorable recovery outcomes.[258.1] However, the effectiveness of family-based interventions remains under investigation, indicating a need for further research in this area.[257.1] To enhance recovery, programs that integrate family support with health education have been developed. These programs aim to foster emotional support, strengthen family relationships, and promote physical activity among stroke survivors.[261.1] Additionally, assessing family resilience and perceived social support can help alleviate caregiver burden, suggesting that clinical practitioners should focus on these aspects when planning interventions.[262.1] Overall, the involvement of family members in the rehabilitation process is essential for improving both the psychological and physical recovery of stroke patients.Global Impact
Stroke Statistics
Stroke is a significant global health issue, with its incidence and outcomes varying markedly across different regions and populations. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates, there were approximately 12.2 million new cases of stroke globally in 2019, resulting in 6.6 million deaths and 143 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost, making stroke the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide.[275.1] The burden of stroke is particularly pronounced in lower-income and middle-income countries, where 87% of stroke-related deaths and 89% of DALYs occur.[277.1] From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of stroke has increased significantly, with a 70% rise in incident strokes and a 44% increase in deaths attributed to stroke.[277.1] Alarmingly, the incidence of stroke is rising among younger populations, particularly those under 55 years of age, which poses a challenge for public health initiatives aimed at reducing stroke prevalence.[276.1] High blood pressure is recognized as a leading cause of stroke, significantly increasing the risk of stroke occurrence, particularly among individuals with diabetes.[294.1] Other modifiable risk factors include smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are associated with the pathogenesis of stroke.[87.1] Additionally, high body mass index (HBMI), defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher, has been identified as the most rapidly increasing risk factor for stroke-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, highlighting the complex relationship between obesity and stroke.[293.1] Furthermore, excessive alcohol consumption can elevate blood pressure levels, thereby increasing the risk of stroke.[294.1] Understanding these risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies and improving health outcomes related to stroke.[87.1] Disparities in stroke burden and risk factors are evident across different regions, with stagnation in the reduction of stroke incidence observed since 2015 in areas such as Southeast Asia and East Asia.[307.1] Effective and accessible measures for stroke prevention, surveillance, and rehabilitation are urgently needed to address these disparities and reduce the overall burden of stroke globally.[291.1]Public Health Initiatives
Public health initiatives aimed at reducing the burden of stroke have increasingly recognized the importance of personal narratives and survivor experiences in shaping policy and awareness. Evidence from focus groups indicates that the experiences of African American men highlight the need for further policy changes to address the psychological and social barriers that affect stroke outcomes.[287.1] Personal stories shared by stroke survivors and caregivers have proven to be impactful in raising awareness and fostering community engagement. For instance, a panel discussion featuring stroke survivors allowed participants to share their journeys, which was described as therapeutic and meaningful for both the speakers and the audience.[288.1] Moreover, individuals like Dawn have taken their personal experiences and transformed them into advocacy efforts, such as testifying in support of legislation aimed at designating the first week of May as Stroke Awareness Week. This initiative seeks to educate the public about the F.A.S.T. signs of stroke, thereby promoting early recognition and response.[289.1] In addition to personal advocacy, understanding stroke risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. Research indicates that most strokes are preventable through simple measures, including regular medical check-ups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.[302.1] The implementation of various interventions, such as intravenous treatment with rtPA and the establishment of stroke units, has been shown to significantly reduce stroke mortality and increase survival rates.[304.1] Furthermore, comprehensive strategies that monitor and assess the burden of stroke at a national level are essential. These strategies should include integrated population-level and individual-level prevention efforts targeting those at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease.[305.1] A global analysis has underscored the economic implications of stroke, revealing that it remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The analysis advocates for a ten-year primary prevention roadmap that could potentially halve stroke incidence.[306.1]Conferences And Research
Importance of Stroke Conferences
Stroke conferences play a crucial role in advancing the field of stroke research and healthcare by providing platforms for experts, researchers, and healthcare professionals to discuss the latest advancements in stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. These conferences facilitate significant opportunities for professionals to engage with cutting-edge scientific developments and collaborate on a global scale, thereby enhancing the overall quality of stroke care.[310.1] The International Stroke Conference, recognized as the world's premier meeting dedicated to cerebrovascular disease and brain health, exemplifies the importance of such gatherings. It serves as a venue for networking among thousands of participants, fostering collaborations, and disseminating exceptional education through presentations from global thought leaders.[314.1] Additionally, specialized events like the Nursing Symposium at these conferences provide healthcare teams, particularly nurses, with access to the latest research and evidence-based best practices in stroke and cardiovascular nursing care.[323.1] The rise of predatory conferences presents a significant challenge, particularly for early-career professionals in stroke medicine, who may find it difficult to discern which events are of high quality and relevance.[312.1] To navigate this landscape effectively, it is crucial for attendees to evaluate the credibility and value of conferences before deciding to participate. Key factors to consider include the relevance of session topics, which should align with the attendees' focus and the solutions they offer, as well as the caliber of speakers, since renowned speakers can attract a high-quality audience and enhance the event's credibility.[319.1] Additionally, utilizing established criteria, such as the Silberg, Kapoun, Gillois, Jiang criteria, and CART (Completeness, Accuracy, Relevance, Timeliness), can aid in critically appraising the quality and appropriateness of the conference content.[320.1] By applying these strategies, early-career researchers can ensure that their participation in stroke conferences addresses the most pressing issues and advances in the field.References
[2] Stroke Overview - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke — Stroke Overview. Image. What Is a Stroke? A stroke, also known as a brain attack, occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel inside or on the surface of the brain bursts. A stroke is a serious medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention, just like a heart attack. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in
[4] Overview of Stroke - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders - Merck ... — Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke may include medications and procedures to control blood pressure and relieve pressure around the brain and surgery to correct the source of bleeding. Recovery after a stroke depends on many factors, such as the location and amount of brain damage, the person's age, and the presence of other disorders.
[5] Stroke Overview - Harvard Health — Embolic stroke — In an embolic stroke, a blood clot or other solid mass of debris travels to the brain, where it blocks a brain artery. In many cases a floating blood clot, called an embolus, originates inside the heart. In another type of embolic stroke, the floating debris is a clump of bacteria and inflammatory cells.
[6] Stroke: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic — Stroke: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Stroke Stroke What is a stroke? A stroke is a medical emergency that happens when something prevents your brain from getting enough blood flow. A blocked blood vessel or bleeding in your brain can cause strokes. What are stroke symptoms? A stroke can cause different symptoms depending on which area of your brain it affects. What causes strokes? There are two types of strokes. What are stroke treatments? If you experience an ischemic stroke, your providers will break up or remove the blood clot that caused it. You’ll need rehab to help you adjust to changes in your brain and body after a stroke. Which type of stroke you had
[18] Top 5 Misconceptions of Stroke - MemorialCare — Misconception: A stroke feels similar to having a heart attack. Symptoms of a stroke don't always cause pain like a heart attack - 90 percent of the time, there is no pain, and it's easy for an individual to think what they're experiencing is nothing, and will go away. Learn to recognize the signs of stroke with the acronym B.E. F.A.S.T.:
[20] Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke | Dr. Vivek Gupta — 1. What is an Ischemic Stroke? An ischemic stroke occurs when a blockage in one of the arteries leading to the brain restricts blood flow. Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke Causes and Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke Ischemic strokes are often caused by conditions like atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. 2. What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke? In contrast to ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds. Causes and Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke Hemorrhagic strokes are frequently associated with high blood pressure, brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and trauma. 3. Key Differences Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Preventing strokes involves controlling risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
[21] Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic Stroke: Key Differences — Comparing Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke. It's important to know the difference between hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes for the right treatment. These strokes have different causes and effects on the brain. Key Differences. Hemorrhagic strokes happen when a blood vessel bursts, causing bleeding in or around the brain.
[22] Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Understanding the Key Differences and ... — Understanding the differences between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes is crucial. These variations dictate symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatments, recovery paths, and prevention strategies. While both types share common risk factors like hypertension or lifestyle habits - each stroke type has unique characteristics that demand specific
[24] Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Key Differences and Treatments — The two main types, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, differ in causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. This article compares ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes to help you recognize stroke symptoms and the need for immediate medical intervention. ... The treatment for hemorrhagic stroke focuses on controlling the bleeding and reducing
[25] Ischemic vs. hemorrhagic stroke: Causes, symptoms, and more — The treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes differs. Ischemic stroke If a person gets to a hospital within 3 hours of the stroke starting, they may receive a thrombolytic drug, such as a
[31] Suspected Stroke Algorithm Protocol Guidelines - ACLS.com — In the event of a suspected stroke, follow these stroke protocol guidelines. ... Once the patient has arrived at the emergency department, and within 10 minutes of arrival, assess the vitals, providing oxygen if the patient is hypoxemic. Obtain IV access, run labs, check glucose, activate the stroke team, perform neurologic screening with
[34] Triage, Treatment, and Transfer | Stroke - AHA/ASA Journals — Stroke is a medical emergency and care provided in the first hours is critical in shaping patients' long-term recovery and prognosis. 1 There is robust evidence demonstrating significant reductions in death and disability with early interventions in acute stroke care, including antiplatelet therapy 2 stroke unit (SU) care 3 and thrombolysis. 4 International clinical guidelines for stroke
[46] Stroke: Historical Review and Innovative Treatments - NHSJS — Despite these advances, there were actually very few effective treatments for an acute stroke. In the early 1900s most of the treatments for stroke patients were limited to rehabilitation after an acute stroke, and most patients were usually left with permanent and severe deficits.
[47] Stroke: Historical Review and Innovative Treatments - NHSJS — The treatment of stroke has progressed significantly since the early 1900s with improved outcomes. The first historical reference to the nervous system was found in ancient Egyptian records dating back to 3500 B.C., when Papyrus described the brain and the fluids that covered the brain.
[48] History of Stroke Care - RapidAI — Landmark clinical trials and extending time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke In 2015, five landmark clinical trials showed the benefits of endovascular thrombectomy in select patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke up to 6 hours from the onset of symptoms.
[49] The Evolution of Poststroke Recovery: Advances, Challenges — Breakthroughs in neuroplasticity, brain stimulation, and regenerative medicine are opening new doors — offering fresh hope to patients and transforming stroke rehabilitation.
[50] Recent Advances in Stroke Genetics—Unraveling the Complexity of ... — Background/Objectives: Recent advances in stroke genetics have substantially enhanced our understanding of the complex genetic architecture underlying cerebral infarction and other stroke subtypes. As knowledge in this field expands, healthcare providers must remain informed about these latest developments. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in stroke
[51] [A short history of stroke] - PubMed — The history of stroke dates back to antiquity, where it was first described as "apoplexia" in Hippocratic writings. For centuries, understanding of the pathology was limited, based on Galen's theories and humoral pathology. Significant advances were made by Islamic scholars who expanded the knowledg …
[59] Stroke: The past, present and future - PMC — Keywords: Stroke, cerebral ischaemia, preclinical, brain injury Clinical diagnosis of stroke: a transformational story Significant advances in brain imaging mean that stroke patients can now expect an acute diagnostic scan to differentiate between haemorrhagic, ischaemic and stroke mimics when admitted to hospital (Heit and Wintermark, 2017).
[62] Abstract 421: The Evolution of Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging in ... — The progression of CT imaging in stroke management has been instrumental in advancing the early detection of hemorrhagic strokes, differentiating between irreversible infarcted and salvageable brain tissues, identifying vascular anomalies, and guiding treatment strategies for intravenous thrombolysis and intra‐arterial thrombectomy. Continuous research and technological development are
[64] Stroke Rehabilitation from a Historical Perspective - MDPI — In Western industrialized countries, stroke is one of the leading causes of acquired adult disability. Because of the recent advances in acute stroke treatment and neurocritical care, more patients survive stroke, with varying degrees of disability. Stroke rehabilitation is a dynamically changing field that is increasingly expanding. Advances in the knowledge of mechanisms underlying recovery
[66] PDF — Stroke rehabilitation is a dynamically changing field that is increasingly expanding. Advances in knowledge of mechanisms underlying stroke recovering and in technology are aiding the development of therapies that requires a multidisciplinary approach by physicians, therapists, biologists, physiologist and engineers working together with the
[68] From apoplexy in antiquities to cerebrovascular stroke in modernity: a ... — Before Stroke, the term apoplexy was described in ancient civilizations and evidence of suffering and managing it is preserved within the mummies, inscriptions, and papyri of the Egyptian civilization, clay tablets of the Mesopotamian civilization, medical books of the Chinese civilization, and although physicians and scientists consider the Greco-Roman civilization the base for modern medicine, yet the golden age of Islam (800 – 1200 AD) might have shared more in identifying bases of stroke. In the current review, stroke is represented since antiquities when the word apoplexy was the common term up to the term cerebrovascular stroke nowadays with a focus on facts and fiction about the etiology and pathology behind stroke, its presentation and its description in antiquities, the discovery of the circle of Willis and the role of different philosophers and physicians in it, and discoveries in the management of stroke along 4500 years are highlighted (Fig. 1).
[70] Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of ... — Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions - PMC Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions The “apoplexy” concept used to embrace varied disorders, later identified as acute cerebral events, vascular and non-vascular (e.g., abscess, hydatids, pus, tumors, among others), as well as non-cerebral acute occurrences (e.g., myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, intoxications, among others).5 , 6 The term “stroke” was introduced in the course of the historical studies and after a long time came to replace “apoplexy”, a term which has virtually disappeared from the medical literature.7 Defined "hemorrhagic apoplexy" [cerebral hemorrhage], and introduced the term ramollissement du cerveau [softening of the brain ] [infarction] (1814).28Léon Louis Rostan (1796-1866) (French).
[71] Stroke medicine in antiquity: The Greek and Muslim contribution — The ancient Greek and Muslim physicians made important contributions to the understanding and management of stroke in their time. The Muslim physicians, from 800 to 1200 AD, played an outstanding role, by conserving and refining Greco-Roman philosophies, formulating their own theories and reaching conclusions, some of which match our modern
[87] Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention — Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome, and determining risk factors and treatment depends on the specific pathogenesis of stroke. Risk factors for stroke can be categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable. Age, sex, and race/ethnicity are nonmodifiable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet, and physical inactivity are among some of the more
[88] Risk Factors for Stroke | Stroke | CDC — About Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Preventing Treatment Stroke Facts View All High blood pressure is a leading cause of stroke. If you have high blood pressure, lowering your blood pressure through lifestyle changes or medicine can also lower your risk for stroke. High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke and is the main cause for increased risk of stroke among people with diabetes.1 Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure levels and the risk for stroke. Cigarette smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels, increasing your risk for stroke. People with a family history of stroke are also likely to share common environments and other potential factors that increase their risk.
[91] Risk Factors for Stroke | American Stroke Association — Risk Factors for Stroke | American Stroke Association About Stroke About Stroke Stroke Risk Factors Effects of Stroke About Stroke About Stroke Stroke Risk Factors Effects of Stroke Let’s Talk About Risk Factors for Stroke Being inactive, obese or both can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke. People with other types of heart disease also have a higher risk of stroke. A high red blood cell count makes clots more likely, raising the risk of stroke. Sleep apnea increases your risk of having a stroke. Someone who has had a stroke is at higher risk of having another one. What are my risk factors for stroke that I can control or manage? 1-888-4-STROKE or 1-888-478-7653
[103] Expert Reveals 8 'Essential' Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Stroke — The good news is that while the effects of stroke can be devastating and life-changing, it is largely preventable. Adopting these eight simple lifestyle changes can help to reduce stroke risk and optimize both heart and brain health. Siobhan Mclernon, Senior Lecturer, Adult Nursing and co-lead, Ageing, Acute and Long Term Conditions.
[104] 10 Ways to Lower Your Risk of and Prevent Stroke - Healthline — Stroke Learn more about stroke risk factors. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for stroke. Good blood pressure management may prevent about 40% of strokes. Managing diabetes with lifestyle changes, such as exercise and diet changes, can help reduce the risk of stroke. They’re also closely linked to other conditions or diseases that increase your risk for stroke, including high blood pressure and diabetes. Exercise can support your heart health and reduce your risk of stroke. If you have Afib, you have a higher risk of stroke and blood clots. Many of the strategies for stroke prevention can also support your overall health and may even reduce your risk of other health conditions. About stroke.
[105] 7 things you can do to prevent a stroke - Harvard Health — High blood pressure is a huge factor, doubling or even quadrupling your stroke risk if it is not controlled. High blood pressure is the biggest contributor to the risk of stroke in both men and women. Exercise contributes to losing weight and lowering blood pressure, but it also stands on its own as an independent stroke reducer. You may need to take an anticoagulant drug (blood thinner), such as one of the direct-acting anticoagulant drugs to reduce your stroke risk from atrial fibrillation. Along with a healthy diet and regular exercise, smoking cessation is one of the most powerful lifestyle changes that will help you reduce your stroke risk significantly. STROKE
[106] PDF — Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Stroke A stroke occurs when a blood vessel . that carries oxygen and nutrients to the . brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts ... reduce my risk of stroke? • Don't smoke or vape and avoid secondhand smoke. • Eat healthy foods low in saturated fat, trans fat and .
[132] What Are the Warning Signs of Stroke? - Healthline — Common stroke symptoms can include a drooping face, facial numbness, and difficulty speaking, among others. Sometimes, females may have more subtle symptoms or additional symptoms.
[133] Stroke Symptoms: Signs and FAST Recognition - WebMD — Learn how to recognize the signs of a stroke using the acronym FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, and Time. Call 911 right away if you or someone with you shows any stroke symptoms, such as sudden weakness, confusion, trouble seeing, or severe headache.
[134] Stroke - Diagnosis - NHLBI, NIH — Learn how your doctor will diagnose a stroke based on your symptoms, medical history, and various tests. Find out what imaging tests (CT, MRI, DSA, PET) and blood tests (glucose, clotting, EKG) can show the type, cause, and location of a stroke.
[135] Stroke - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic — M.D., M.P.H., answers the most frequently asked questions about strokes. The fast acronym, F.A.S.T., is a good way of remembering stroke symptoms and what to do if you or a friend or loved one experiences those symptoms. In the most common type of stroke, called an ischemic stroke, or cerebral infarction, there's a lack of blood flow to an area of the brain leading the brain cells to begin to die off due to a lack of oxygen and other nutrients. Stroke treatments are most effective if they can be used early after stroke symptoms occur. And stroke prevention is far more effective than trying to treat a stroke after it has occurred.
[141] Stroke Awareness Resources - National Association of Emergency Medical ... — EMS can help educate patients and the general public about the importance of calling 911 for help when people are experiencing symptoms of stroke. Here are the latest resources: Get Ahead of Stroke webpage; Downloadable Stroke Resources; Visit OverReact2Stroke to view resources for healthcare professionals. From the Get Ahead of Stroke Campaign:
[142] Improving public education about stroke - PubMed — Stroke is a common and serious disease. Most studies have shown that basic public knowledge about what a stroke is, symptoms of a stroke, and the proper reaction to a stroke is quite deficient. The fact that a stroke affects cognitive, communicative, and motor functions may partially explain the poor reaction to acute stroke symptoms.
[146] Debunking 5 misconceptions about strokes - MercyOne — So, let's break down five common misconceptions about strokes to help shed some light on one of the leading causes of death for Americans. Strokes only happen to older people. While strokes are more common in older adults and age is a significant risk factor, strokes can occur at any age. ... Prompt recognition of stroke symptoms like
[149] BE FAST Versus FAST: A Randomized Pilot Trial Comparing Retention of ... — The FAST acronym (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) was derived from the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale and was adopted by the American Heart Association as the main mnemonic tool to educate about stroke symptoms. 4, 5 Educational interventions to teach FAST showed increased knowledge of signs and symptoms of stroke among different groups
[150] FAST stroke signs: What are the symptoms of stroke? - Medical News Today — The FAST acronym helps individuals identify the main symptoms of stroke, which include facial drooping, arm weakness, and slurred speech. If any of these are present, it is time to call 911.
[151] Signs of a Stroke: Act Quickly With BE FAST - Cleveland Clinic Health ... — Here's a scary fact: Only an estimated 36% of people in the U.S. know even one of the signs of a stroke. A neurologist explains how the acronym BE FAST can help you remember the six major signs
[153] Stroke Ct Scan Vs. Mri Scan: Frequently Asked Questions — CT and MRI scans are two of the most effective medical imaging tests for determining the presence, type, and location of stroke. Unlike an MRI, a CT scan can show significant changes in brain tissue and is more effective at identifying brain bleeds. When comparing the two, an MRI is more accurate while a CT scan is faster and easily accessible.
[156] Is CT or MRI the Method of Choice for Imaging Patients With Acute ... — In the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke, CT images are often normal or show subtle changes only. On the contrary, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) can reveal the ischemic lesion in its full extent within minutes only in experimental studies 1 and as soon as a patient is available for imaging in clinical studies. 2 As new therapeutic options for ischemic stroke have appeared 3-5 and more of
[178] Advances in Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapy | Circulation Research — The treatment of acute ischemic stroke continues to advance. The mainstay of treatment remains intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. Recent studies demonstrated that later treatment with alteplase is beneficial in patients selected with advanced imaging techniques. Tenecteplase has been evaluated as an alternative thrombolytic drug and evidence suggests that it is as least as effective as
[179] Recent advances in the management of acute ischemic stroke — Since 2015, there have been five prospective randomized clinical trials showing efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in addition to standard management, typically r-tPA, in improving outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions, moderate to severe stroke severity, and presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset 8– 12. Functionally independent pre-stroke (mRS score of 0 to 1)Acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous r-tPA within4.5 hours of onsetStroke caused by occlusion of the internal carotid artery orproximal (M1) middle cerebral artery on imaging(CT angiography)Age ≥18 years oldNIHSS score of ≥6CT brain without evidence of large infarct (ASPECTS score ≥6)Treatment is able to be initiated (groin puncture) within 6 hoursof symptom onset
[180] Technological Advances in Stroke Rehabilitation — Robotic technology and virtual reality (VR) have been widely studied technologies in stroke rehabilitation over the last few decades. Both technologies have typically been considered as ways to enhance recovery through promoting intensive, repetitive, and engaging therapies. In this review, we present the current evidence from interventional clinical trials that employ either robotics, VR, or
[181] Impact of the combination of virtual reality and noninvasive brain ... — Stroke frequently results in upper limb motor dysfunction, with traditional therapies often failing to yield sufficient improvements. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) present promising new rehabilitation possibilities. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyses the effectiveness of VR and NIBS in improving upper limb motor
[183] Effects of Robot-Assisted Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation After ... — BACKGROUND: Robotic rehabilitation, which provides a high-intensity, high-frequency therapy to improve neuroplasticity, is gaining traction. However, its effectiveness for upper extremity stroke rehabilitation remains uncertain. This study comprehensively reviewed meta-analyses on the effectiveness of upper extremity robot-assisted therapy in patients with stroke. METHODS: We combined results
[186] Stroke management — recent advances and residual challenges — As discussed for thrombectomy above, even when major advances in stroke prevention and management are made, their universal implementation in clinical practice is a challenge.
[187] Addressing Disparities in Acute Stroke Management and Prognosis — Achieving successful knowledge translation and implementation of evidence‐based interventions in clinical practice is often difficult. 87 The evidence translation gap is highlighted by the estimated 17 years it takes for 14% of original research to be implemented into clinical practice. 88 The stroke discipline is not immune to the evidence
[188] Challenges to Widespread Implementation of Stroke Thrombectomy — Endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke is one of the most efficacious and effective treatments in medicine, yet globally, its implementation remains limited. Patterns of EVT underutilization exist in virtually any health care system and range from a complete lack of access to selective undertreatment of certain patient subgroups. In this review, we outline different patterns of
[189] Identifying Best Practices to Improve Evaluation and Management of In ... — This approach aligns well with the Target: Stroke initiative that uses best practices to improve treatment rates, times, and outcomes. 53 The core concepts include organizing a team to optimize the proportion of patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic within the golden hour, implementing best practice strategies to reduce door-to-needle
[190] Breaking Barriers in Stroke Therapy: Recent Advances and Ongoing ... — Additionally, telemedicine reduces barriers such as travel time and costs, offering the flexibility of at-home therapy and ensuring that more patients can access the care they need to enhance recovery outcomes. However, challenges such as disparities in technology adoption and data privacy concerns must be addressed for broader implementation.
[226] Rehabilitation and recovery - National Clinical Guideline for Stroke — Stroke rehabilitation should be needs-led and not time-limited, and available to those people with stroke for whom: ongoing needs have been identified by the person with stroke, their carer(s) or the multidisciplinary team across all areas of stroke recovery, e.g. functional abilities, mental health, cognitive function, psychological well-being, education regarding stroke, social participation
[228] Stroke rehabilitation: What to expect as you recover — Request Appointment Stroke rehabilitation: What to expect as you recover Print Sections Products and services Stroke rehabilitation: What to expect as you recover _Stroke rehabilitation is an important part of recovery after stroke. _By Mayo Clinic Staff Stroke rehabilitation: What to expect as you recover Stroke rehabilitation is a program of different therapies designed to help you relearn skills lost after a stroke. Rehabilitation methods can depend on the parts of your brain affected by the stroke. Stroke rehabilitation can help you regain independence and improve your quality of life.
[229] Why Rehabilitation is Important for Stroke Recovery — A stroke is not only the number 3 cause of death worldwide, it can also lead to serious and long-term disability for survivors. Many of these survivors are left with physical and mental life-altering disabilities. The first 30 days following a stroke are the most critical, which is why stroke recovery rehabilitation is so important.
[234] Factors Related to Greater Functional Recovery after Suffering a Stroke ... — It is important to point out that the therapeutic process in stroke patients calls for a multidisciplinary approach addressing the deficit caused, and the physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation plays and important role in evaluating, coordinating and planning the needs of each patient in an individualized way.
[236] Coping with Emotional Flatness After Stroke: Causes & Strategies — Psychotherapy and counseling can also play a crucial role in helping stroke survivors and their families navigate the challenges of emotional blunting. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be particularly helpful in developing coping strategies and reframing thoughts and behaviors.
[237] Mental Therapy Approaches for Stroke Victims' Cognitive Recovery — Cognitive rehabilitation exercises can help rewire neural pathways, improving decision-making and problem-solving abilities. Emotional lability, or sudden, uncontrollable mood swings, can be particularly distressing for stroke survivors and their loved ones. Managing this requires a combination of medication, therapy, and coping strategies.
[241] Occupational Therapy for Stroke Recovery and Adaptation — Occupational therapists employ a variety of strategies tailored to the individual needs of stroke survivors, including: Compensatory approaches ... Occupational therapists assess the home and suggest modifications to improve safety and accessibility. This may include recommending assistive devices, such as sock aides or grab bars, and adjusting
[242] Occupational Therapy Assessment Tools for Stroke Rehabilitation ... — Occupational therapy plays a pivotal role in the rehabilitation journey of stroke survivors, aiming to enhance their ability to perform daily activities and improve their quality of life. A critical component of this process is the use of specialized assessment tools that help occupational therapists evaluate the patient's functional abilities, identify areas of need, and develop
[256] How Families Positively Impact Stroke Recovery | MedShun — A positive family influence can have a significant impact on the mental health of a stroke patient. Studies have shown that family support and involvement can reduce the risk of depression and anxiety in stroke patients. Family members can provide emotional support, help manage stress, and promote a sense of well-being.
[257] Family Function and Stroke Recovery: A Review. - APA PsycNet — Objective: Literature on family function in stroke rehabilitation is reviewed in 3 areas: the impact of family function on recovery from stroke, the impact of stroke on family function, and psychosocial intervention in stroke. Study Design: Literature review. Results: Family function influences stroke rehabilitation. Family-based interventions are emerging but have not been proven effective
[258] Family intervention after stroke: does counseling or education help? — port and favorable outcome after stroke, suggesting that family involvement in rehabilitation is impor-tant to recovery.8 Assessment of family function after stroke has been disappointing, perhaps because many vari-ables interact with family behavior. The most com-mon rationale for involving spouses in stroke reha-
[260] Understanding the family burden and caregiver role in stroke ... — Family caregivers can offer important support to stroke patients and take on this role immediately after the stroke event . A family caregiver is a family member, such as a spouse, child, friend, or unpaid neighbor, who provides care to a person with a chronic illness who needs assistance with daily living tasks, such as bathing, dressing, and
[261] Effectiveness of a family-based program for post-stroke patients and ... — The program combines activities to build family support with health education to increase physical activity and emotional support, love, warmth, and family relationships. Consequently, family assessments will help with understanding the structure, function, and role of the family in caring for patients with stroke.
[262] Family resilience and social support as mediators of caregiver burden ... — These findings indicate that enhancing family resilience and perceived social support can be strategies for alleviating caregiver burden. Clinical practitioners should actively assess the family resilience and social support of stroke survivors, and implement interventions that promote resilience an …
[275] The rising global burden of stroke - eClinicalMedicine - The Lancet — May marks annual stroke awareness month in the UK and USA. According to the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates, there were around 12.2 million incident cases of stroke, 143 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost, and 6.6 million deaths globally in 2019, making stroke the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide. Over the past
[276] Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World ... — Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of disability after a stroke is also large, and is increasing at a faster pace in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Alarmingly, the incidence of stroke is increasing in young and middle-aged people (ie, age <55 years) globally. Should these trends continue, Sustainable Development Goal 3.4
[277] World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025 — The estimated global cost of stroke is over US$890 billion (0.66% of the global GDP). From 1990 to 2021, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially (70.0% increase in incident strokes, 44.0% deaths from stroke, 86.0% prevalent strokes, and 32% DALYs), with the bulk of the global stroke burden (87.0% of deaths and 89.0% of DALYs) residing in lower-income and
[287] Informing Policy for Reducing Stroke Health Disparities from the ... — The focus group evidence presented from the experiences of African American men, combined with our knowledge of the persistence of stroke disparities suggests that further policy changes are needed to combat the compounding influence of psychological and social barriers on stroke outcomes.
[288] Stroke survivors share their stories to increase awareness of ... - UKNow — A panel of stroke survivors and caregivers took to the stage to tell their personal stories. It was meaningful for all those in attendance, including the panel members themselves. "It is therapeutic for me," said Matt May, associate director of athletics communications and public relations for UK Athletics. The husband and dad of two young
[289] From Stroke Survivor to Powerful Advocate: One Volunteer's Inspiring Story — Now, Dawn is using her personal journey to champion legislation aimed at raising stroke awareness. She recently shared her compelling story at the state legislature, testifying in support of Senate Bill 20 that will designate the first week of May as Stroke Awareness Week to help educate the public about the F.A.S.T. signs of stroke (Face
[291] Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors ... — Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden.
[293] Global Trends and Cross‐Country Inequalities in Stroke and Subtypes ... — High body mass index (HBMI) (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2) in adults (≥18 years) is widely recognized as a stroke risk factor. 1, 4 The latest GBD study indicates that HBMI is the most rapidly increasing risk factor in DALYs for stroke from 1990 to 2021. 5 The relationship between high BMI and stroke is complex and involves multiple biological mechanisms. . Obesity is linked to intermediate conditions
[294] Risk Factors for Stroke | Stroke | CDC - Centers for Disease Control ... — About Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Preventing Treatment Stroke Facts View All High blood pressure is a leading cause of stroke. If you have high blood pressure, lowering your blood pressure through lifestyle changes or medicine can also lower your risk for stroke. High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke and is the main cause for increased risk of stroke among people with diabetes.1 Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure levels and the risk for stroke. Cigarette smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels, increasing your risk for stroke. People with a family history of stroke are also likely to share common environments and other potential factors that increase their risk.
[302] Understanding Stroke: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies — In conclusion, understanding the risk factors of stroke and implementing prevention strategies can significantly reduce your risk of experiencing this life-threatening condition. Remember that most strokes are preventable with a few simple measures, including getting regular check-ups with your doctor, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and being
[304] The economic burden of stroke: a systematic review of cost of illness ... — The approval and implementation of intravenous treatment with rtPA , access to stroke units , issued guidelines on hospital care management , primary and secondary stroke prevention , have all contributed to reducing the burden of stroke and its mortality and have increased the number of survivors .
[305] Pragmatic solutions to reduce the global burden of stroke: a World ... — Measures to facilitate this goal include: the establishment of a framework to monitor and assess the burden of stroke (and its risk factors) and stroke services at a national level; the implementation of integrated population-level and individual-level prevention strategies for people at any increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, with
[306] WSO Sets out Global Cost of Stroke and Identifies Cost-effective ... — In an article published in the Lancet Public Health just in advance of World Stroke Day 2021, a WSO-led expert group have set out a global analysis of the global costs of stroke and an actionable ten-year primary prevention roadmap that could reduce stroke incidence by at least half.. The analysis presented in the paper shows that stroke remains the second biggest cause of death and third
[307] Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors ... — Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021 | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Dharmaratne, Valery Feigin, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ali Mokdad, Christopher J.L. Murray, Gregory Roth
[310] Global Stroke Conferences 2025: Uniting for Advances in Stroke Care — Global Stroke Conferences 2025: Uniting for Advances in Stroke Care Find the latest updates and registration information, importance & benefits of Global Stroke Conferences 2025. Global Stroke Conferences in 2025 will serve as major platforms for experts, researchers, and healthcare professionals to discuss the latest advancements in stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Global stroke conferences are essential for advancing the field of stroke research and healthcare. Conferences dedicated to stroke research and care are essential for: Attending a global stroke conference provides numerous benefits for professionals and researchers in the field. These conferences represent significant opportunities for professionals in the field of stroke research and treatment to engage with the latest scientific developments and collaborate on a global scale.
[312] Preparing for (and Making the Most of) Your Next Scientific Conference — There is a rise of predatory conferences, and early-career professionals are usually the target. 2, 3 As a novice in stroke medicine, it may not be immediately clear which conferences are of high quality and relevance. Most global, regional, or national stroke organizations (eg, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, World Stroke Organization, European Stroke Organization, and
[314] International Stroke Conference 2025 | Los Angeles Convention Center — The International Stroke Conference is the world's premier meeting dedicated to the science and treatment of cerebrovascular disease and brain health. Network with thousands from endless combinations of expertise, experience and background. Form life-long collaborations and engage in exceptional education and science through presentations on the latest research from global thought leaders
[319] Choosing the right conference — American Heart Association / American ... — Evaluate the conference content; Relevance: Ensure the session topics align with your focus and the solutions you offer. Speaker lineup: Review the caliber of speakers. Renowned speakers can attract a high-quality audience and add credibility to the event. Assess the exhibitor opportunities; Booth space: Evaluate the availability and cost of
[320] Tools to Assess the Trustworthiness of Evidence-Based Point-of-Care ... — The Silberg [], Kapoun [], Gillois [], Jiang criteria [], and CART (Completeness, Accuracy, Relevance, Timeliness) [] tools aimed to critically appraise and evaluate the quality, credibility, and appropriateness of health information on the internet.The development process of these tools was poorly described. The authors relied on existing criteria for the quality assessment of the information
[323] Nursing Symposium to spotlight cutting-edge stroke care | ISC — The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) does not endorse any commercial products or programs. For health care professionals committed to advancing their practice and improving patient outcomes, the State-of-the-Science Stroke Nursing Symposium is an essential event. A pre-conference cornerstone event of the International Stroke Conference, The State-of-the-Science Stroke Nursing Symposium will take place on Tuesday, Feb. 4, from 8-11:30 a.m. PST in Main Event Hall of the Los Angeles Convention Center. “The symposium provides a platform for nurses specializing in stroke care to access the latest research, evidence-based best practices, and treatment advancements in stroke and cardiovascular nursing care,” said Brenda Johnson, DnP, CRNP-BC, ANVP, FAHA, assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and assistant director of the Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Stroke Center.