Inflammasome is a multiprotein complex formed in the cytoplasm of innate immune cells that functions as a critical sensor for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Its assembly triggers a downstream signaling cascade, notably activating caspase-1, which processes pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β and IL-18) and induces pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death. As a fundamental concept in immunology research, the study of inflammasomes investigates the molecular mechanisms of innate immune recognition, signal transduction, and their roles in host defense against pathogens, as well as their involvement in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and various chronic diseases, highlighting their significance as potential therapeutic targets.