Endosomal sorting is a fundamental intracellular process investigating the molecular mechanisms by which internalized molecules, membrane proteins, and other cargo are directed to specific downstream destinations within the endosomal system. This concept encompasses the complex network of protein interactions and membrane dynamics that determine the cellular fate of endosomal contents, including recycling to the plasma membrane, transport to the Golgi apparatus, or degradation via the lysosomal pathway, playing a critical role in cellular signaling, nutrient uptake, antigen presentation, and overall cellular homeostasis.