Table of Contents
Overview
Definition of Functional Materials
Functional materials are defined by their inherent ability to perform specific functions in response to external stimuli. This capacity is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional materials. The engineering of functional materials often involves altering their components to achieve desired properties, which can be categorized into various architectures such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoporous materials, and other hierarchical structures.[4.1] These materials are characterized by unique native properties, including ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, magnetism, and energy storage capabilities.[5.1] They span across all classes of materials, including ceramics, metals, polymers, and organic molecules, thereby demonstrating their versatility and broad applicability.[5.1] The significance of functional materials is underscored by their critical role in modern technology, where they serve as the foundation for a wide range of applications, including sensors, actuators, and functional coatings.[6.1]Importance and Applications
Functional materials play a crucial role in various applications across multiple sectors, significantly enhancing performance and sustainability. In the realm of construction, functional nanocomposites are utilized in green buildings to improve energy conservation and emission reduction, thereby enhancing overall building performance. These materials serve as efficient insulation, effectively reducing heat loss and improving insulation capabilities within structures.[7.1] In the field of energy, functional materials are pivotal for sustainable energy technologies, addressing critical challenges related to energy generation, consumption, and storage. For instance, silicon-based and organic solar cells, along with Perovskite solar cells, exemplify the advancements in functional materials that contribute to sustainable energy solutions.[15.1] Furthermore, functional organic materials are increasingly recognized for their potential in energy storage systems due to their tunability, low cost, and environmental friendliness.[12.1] The integration of advanced materials in sensor technology also highlights the versatility of functional materials. NEMS sensors, which utilize functional nanowire components, represent a significant advancement in the miniaturization of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). These sensors are designed to replace bulkier transducers, thereby improving sensitivity and efficiency.[16.1] Additionally, multifunctional sensors that incorporate various stimuli-responsive materials are being developed to enhance signal processing capabilities.[17.1] In healthcare, functional materials are transforming biomedical devices, leading to improved patient outcomes. The development of biocompatible and durable materials is essential for applications such as medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and prosthetics.[21.1] Innovations in smart materials and biopolymers are particularly noteworthy, as they combine structural integrity with responsive behavior to environmental stimuli, facilitating advancements in tissue engineering and artificial organs.[22.1]In this section:
History
Evolution of Materials
The evolution of materials has been significantly influenced by advancements in science and technology, particularly in the case of steel and polymers. Steel, synthesized by humans, has emerged as one of the most utilized materials throughout history, with its applications expanding dramatically since the 1700s, following the Industrial Revolution and advancements in chemistry.[70.1] This period marked a pivotal shift in building methods, as steel began to play a crucial role in the construction industry, leading to the development of towering skyscrapers and durable commercial spaces.[51.1] The evolving landscape of the construction industry is significantly influenced by technological advancements, particularly in the demand for construction steel. These advancements have played a pivotal role in shaping trends within the industry, as evidenced by data-driven analyses and expert opinions.[50.1] One notable innovation is self-healing steel, which effectively addresses issues such as micro-cracks and corrosion, thereby facilitating the development of maintenance-free structures that are durable over time.[48.1] The impact of these steel innovations is profound, marking a transformative shift in modern construction practices.[48.1] In parallel, the evolution of functional polymers has also been transformative, driven by advancements in materials science and a growing focus on sustainability.[59.1] The integration of biopolymers, smart polymers, and nanotechnology is reshaping the landscape of various industries, including electronics and transportation.[59.1] The future of functional materials is characterized by the potential for lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant applications, which are increasingly sought after in high-frequency electronic technologies and other engineering fields.[61.1] However, the integration of these advanced materials presents challenges, particularly in achieving high-quality production and understanding the complex relationships between function and structure.[64.1] As the field progresses, research is expected to focus on overcoming these challenges, paving the way for a new generation of multifunctional materials that can meet the demands of an increasingly interconnected world.[66.1]Key Milestones in Functional Materials Development
The evolution of functional materials has been marked by several key milestones that reflect their growing importance across various technological domains. The historical roots of functional materials can be traced back to the development of steel, which has become the most widely used material in human history since its synthesis in the 1700s. This material has been integral to a wide array of applications, showcasing the transformative power of functional materials in society.[41.1] As the field progressed, the classification of functional materials expanded to include ceramics, metals, polymers, and organic molecules, each possessing unique inherent characteristics and functions. The synthesis of these materials often aims to optimize their interaction with the environment, particularly through the development of materials with a high surface-to-volume ratio.[43.1] This focus on enhancing material properties has led to significant advancements in manufacturing processes, allowing functional materials to be integrated directly into components or applied to surfaces, thereby imparting additional or entirely new properties.[44.1] The late 20th century and early 21st century witnessed a surge in the development of novel functional materials, driven by advancements in modern science and technology. Researchers began to explore quantum functional materials, which serve as carriers of new theories and applications, promoting revolutionary changes in various fields.[45.1] This period also saw the emergence of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are characterized by their high porosity and tunable structures, enabling applications in gas storage, separation, and catalysis.[56.1] The unique structural characteristics of MOFs facilitate high-density energy storage and distinct host-guest interactions, further enhancing their functionality.[57.1] Moreover, the historical impact of functional materials extends beyond their technical applications; they have shaped societal stability and economic growth. For instance, the rediscovery of Roman concrete has provided insights into materials that strengthen over time, influencing modern construction practices.[53.1] Additionally, advanced functional materials such as shape memory alloys, superconductors, and photonic crystals have played pivotal roles in technological advancements across electronics, biotechnology, and energy storage.[54.1]Recent Advancements
Innovations in Polymers and Composite Materials
Recent advancements in polymers and composite materials have led to significant innovations in healthcare, particularly through the development of biomaterials. Biomaterials are defined as materials used to construct medical devices or implants intended to restore or replace lost or impaired body functions. They can be categorized into natural and synthetic types, each with distinct advantages. Natural biomaterials, which are extracted from living organisms or their by-products, are increasingly favored due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them highly suitable for medical applications.[94.1] Examples of natural polymers include starch and collagen, which are easy to source and decompose rapidly.[91.1] On the other hand, synthetic polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyurethane are extensively utilized in dental and prosthetic materials, as well as in single-use medical equipment, due to their mechanical properties that closely resemble human tissues.[91.1] This dual approach to biomaterials has significantly enhanced the capabilities of medical devices and implants, addressing the growing demand for effective healthcare solutions. The application of biomaterials in healthcare has led to numerous innovative medical interventions, ranging from high-strength applications in orthopedics to precision uses in ophthalmology.[93.1] These materials have revolutionized approaches to diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, showcasing their transformative impact on modern medicine.[93.1] However, the repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues remains a complex challenge, influenced by factors such as the site and type of injury, as well as the specific biomaterial employed.[92.1] The versatility of biomaterials in life sciences stems from a convergence of technical disciplines, including science, engineering, and medicine, which enhances their effectiveness in addressing diverse healthcare needs.[93.1] Recent advancements in smart biomaterials have significantly impacted modern medicine by enabling materials that can respond to changes in physiological parameters and external stimuli. These materials are not only transforming healthcare delivery but also improving treatment outcomes for various diseases, including applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.[96.1] The unique properties of smart biomaterials allow them to adapt and enhance their functionalities based on environmental conditions, making them dynamic and responsive.[105.1] Furthermore, the "degree of smartness" in these materials is characterized by their sensitivity to detect and respond to specific stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength, which facilitates controlled and reversible changes in their behavior and properties.[110.1] As a result, smart biomaterials hold the potential to revolutionize healthcare and address future challenges in patient care.[96.1] Recent advancements in biomaterials are significantly shaping the future of healthcare, particularly through the development of injectable biomaterials and nanoparticles. These innovations are at the forefront of biomedical research, offering transformative potential in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.[109.1] Additionally, the exploration of hydrogels, antimicrobials, lipid nanoparticles, and exosomes is redefining the landscape of biomaterials that interact with biological systems, highlighting new opportunities and emerging trends in the field.[108.1] Furthermore, there is a growing interest in mycelium materials as sustainable alternatives to traditional biomaterials, with numerous companies investing in this innovative class of materials. However, further scientific research is necessary to fully understand their potential and applications.[107.1]Emerging Applications in Nanoscience and Technology
Recent advancements in functional materials have led to significant developments in nanoscience and technology, particularly in the areas of 2D materials and their applications. The International Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Materials (RAFM 2024) highlighted a variety of topics, including multifunctional materials, 2D materials, and biomaterials, which are crucial for advancing nanotechnology applications.[84.1] Additionally, the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD-2023) emphasized the importance of 2D materials, biomaterials, and nanomaterials in device applications, showcasing their potential in energy conversion and storage, as well as in smart devices.[86.1] The integration of 2D materials into electronic devices has garnered significant attention due to their potential to enhance device performance and efficiency. Companies such as Samsung and LG are actively researching the application of 2D materials in flexible displays, highlighting a growing commercial interest in these technologies.[87.1] However, the challenges associated with scaling these materials for commercial applications are substantial, particularly as the difficulties in scaling integrated circuit technology continue to escalate with each generation.[88.1] To address these challenges, it is crucial to develop viable solutions for both the front-end-of-line (transistors) and the back-end-of-line (interconnects) processes.[88.1] Furthermore, a rational understanding of the structure and properties of 2D materials is essential, as many research groups tend to overlook fundamental studies in favor of immediate applications. This understanding is key to surpassing the current state-of-the-art in technology.[90.1] In the context of renewable energy technologies, functional materials are increasingly recognized as a top priority for providing key technological solutions essential for next-generation energy conversion and storage systems. This recognition stems from the pressing need for advancements in energy generation, consumption, storage, and supply security, which are critical drivers in this field.[100.1] Among these functional materials, 2D materials are particularly promising, as they are expected to address limitations associated with traditional renewable energy harvesting technologies. Their potential to revolutionize standard materials is highlighted by their remarkable performance and low production costs.[112.1] Specifically, the incorporation of 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), has the potential to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond 20%, thereby improving their applicability in renewable energy generation.[114.1]In this section:
Classification Of Functional Materials
Types of Functional Materials
Functional materials can be broadly classified into several categories based on their applications and the specific functions they perform. This classification includes biomaterials, composites, ceramics, functionally graded materials, energy materials, thin film materials, nanomaterials, nuclear materials, intermetallics, high-strength materials, and structural materials.[126.1] Each category serves distinct purposes across various industries, influencing the design and selection of materials for specific applications. Functional materials can be broadly classified based on their applications, which include categories such as biomaterials, composites, ceramics, functionally graded materials, energy materials, thin film materials, nanomaterials, nuclear materials, intermetallics, high-strength materials, and structural materials.[126.1] This classification is extensive and reflects the various functions these materials serve across different industries, as they can also be categorized according to their most important function and the specific industries in which they are predominantly used.[127.1] Functional materials are a broad category of substances that can be processed into various device modalities, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).[153.1] These materials are particularly relevant in biomedical applications, where they are utilized in health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics, exemplified by flexible-membrane-based implantable electronics.[155.1] Additionally, novel nanomaterials (NMs) have gained attention due to their high efficiency, low cost, and low energy demand, making them highly sought after for energy storage applications.[164.1] These nanomaterials are categorized based on their composition, dimensions, or morphology, and their synthesis typically involves three main approaches: physical, chemical, and biological techniques.[164.1] The functional classification of materials is not only based on their physical characteristics but also on their ability to respond to specific stimuli, which is essential for applications in smart materials and sensors.[158.1] For instance, superconductors, which exhibit zero electrical resistance at low temperatures, are pivotal in applications requiring efficient electricity transmission.[156.1]Functional Properties and Their Applications
Functional materials exhibit a range of properties that are crucial for their applications in various fields, particularly in energy and electronics. For instance, Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells have achieved a record fill factor exceeding 73% and a champion efficiency of 10.58%, demonstrating the effectiveness of interfacial engineering strategies to enhance charge transport properties for high-performance solar cells.[129.1] Similarly, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) utilizing a SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) have consistently broken efficiency records over the past decade, highlighting the importance of optimizing device structures and active materials to improve performance and stability.[130.1] The advancements in hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in inverted PSC configurations further underscore their potential for commercialization due to scalable fabrication processes and compatibility with tandem photovoltaics.[131.1] In the realm of organic solar cells (OSCs), heavy atom substitution has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance performance. Research has shown that substituting sulfur with heavier heteroatoms like selenium and tellurium in non-fullerene acceptors can significantly impact their optoelectronic properties.[132.1] This exemplifies how specific material modifications can lead to improved functionality in energy applications. Nanomaterials, characterized by their unique physicochemical properties such as a large surface area to mass ratio and high reactivity, are also transforming various industries. These materials differ significantly from traditional bulk materials due to their nanoscale size effects, which influence their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties.[135.1] The applications of nanomaterials span across sectors, including electronics, where they enable the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. For example, carbon nanotubes and graphene are being explored for use in transistors, offering higher speed and lower power consumption compared to traditional silicon-based devices.[143.1] Nanomaterials are increasingly recognized for their potential in the medical field, particularly in drug delivery systems and therapeutic applications. Recent advancements highlight the integration of various nanomaterials, including carbon dots, nanorobots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and metal-based nanoparticles, each contributing unique properties that enhance drug delivery, targeting, and overall therapeutic efficacy.[141.1] These nanomaterials offer significant advantages over traditional materials due to their dimension-dependent properties, which provide broader application prospects in medical devices.[140.1] Furthermore, they have shown promise in treating a range of diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, by improving drug targeting and efficacy.[141.1] This innovative approach not only enhances treatment outcomes but also promotes a more sustainable and biocompatible methodology by minimizing the use of toxic chemicals in synthesis.[141.1]In this section:
Manufacturing Techniques
Advances in Material Design
Recent advancements in material design, particularly in the realm of functionally graded materials (FGMs), have been significantly influenced by innovative manufacturing techniques and computational modeling. The evolution of FGMs has garnered considerable attention within the materials science and engineering community, leading to remarkable developments in their manufacturing methods. These materials can be produced using a variety of processing techniques, ranging from conventional to advanced methods, which have been extensively reviewed in the literature over the past three decades.[173.1] Additive manufacturing (AM), especially techniques like selective laser melting (SLM), has emerged as a transformative approach for fabricating FGMs. The flexibility in structural design offered by AM allows for the layer-by-layer deposition of materials, enabling the creation of components with tailored properties that vary spatially.[205.1] This capability is particularly advantageous for optimizing the performance of components across various industries, as it allows for the integration of different material compositions within a single part.[182.1] Recent advancements in computational modeling have significantly transformed the design and manufacturing processes of functionally graded materials (FGMs). A new computational method has been developed that utilizes a multi-objective genetic algorithm integrated with computational thermodynamics and physics-based predictive models to optimize the composition of alloy systems in FGMs, focusing on both manufacturability and performance.[180.1] Additionally, machine learning approaches are being explored for their potential to enhance the analysis of FGMs, particularly in the context of additive manufacturing (AM). These approaches are crucial as they can improve the efficiency and accuracy of manufacturing processes by using neural networks to approximate displacement fields and derive governing equations for beam behavior.[204.1] The fabrication of FGMs within AM applications holds significant importance due to its potential to enhance component performance across various industries.[207.1] Recent advancements in materials science, particularly in additive manufacturing and computational modeling, have significantly transformed the design and manufacturing of functionally graded materials (FGMs).[183.1] These innovations allow for the use of composition as a spatial design parameter, enabling the control of stable phases within a part and facilitating transitions between dissimilar materials. This capability is crucial for tailoring the properties of materials as a function of position.[182.1] As the field progresses, the integration of these advanced techniques is expected to lead to further developments in the application and performance of FGMs.Tailoring Properties through Composition and Structure
Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are characterized by a spatial variation in composition and microstructure, which allows for the tailoring of material properties to meet specific functional requirements. This unique grading enables FGMs to exhibit enhanced performance compared to traditional homogeneous materials, particularly in applications requiring variations in thermal, structural, or functional properties.[186.1] The ability to control these properties through careful material selection and engineering is crucial, as it ensures that the materials bond effectively and maintain their integrity over time.[175.1] The manufacturing techniques employed in the production of FGMs significantly influence their cost-effectiveness and performance. Advanced fabrication methods, such as selective laser melting (SLM), have emerged as pivotal in achieving the desired geometrical complexity and flexibility in manufacturing FGMs.[188.1] However, the adoption of these techniques is often hindered by high production costs and challenges related to optimizing the structure and design of the composites.[191.1] For instance, while SLM allows for the creation of intricate designs, it also presents challenges in achieving the desired functional characteristics, which must be addressed to enhance the overall performance and reliability of the final products.[191.1] Moreover, the economic feasibility of producing FGMs relies on the use of low-cost materials and scalable manufacturing techniques. Innovations that balance performance with cost considerations are essential for the successful commercialization of FGMs.[179.1] The integration of digitalization technologies into the manufacturing process has facilitated the synthesis of materials with tailored properties, further enhancing the potential applications of FGMs across various fields, including aerospace, biomedical engineering, and energy systems.[187.1] As research continues to evolve, the development of FGMs is expected to play a crucial role in advancing engineering solutions that are both innovative and sustainable.In this section:
Application Domains
Electronics and Telecommunications
Functional materials play a crucial role in the field of electronics and telecommunications, where their unique properties are harnessed to enhance device performance and functionality. Among the various types of functional materials, conductive polymers (CPs) are notable for their high electrical conductivity and redox properties, making them suitable for applications in electrochemical sensors. Their electrochemical activity is essential for translating molecular recognition events into measurable electrical signals, which is a fundamental process in electroanalysis.[226.1] Additionally, piezoelectric materials, which generate electrical charge in response to mechanical stress, are widely utilized in sensors and microphones. These materials are integral to the design of devices that require precise measurements of mechanical changes, thereby enhancing the functionality of electronic devices.[220.1] The development of conductive hydrogels has also emerged as a significant advancement in flexible electronics. These materials exhibit improved electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, making them ideal for applications in flexible sensors.[225.1] Furthermore, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers are recognized for their multifunctionality, finding applications in sensors, electronic devices, and piezoelectric generators, among others.[228.1] The integration of functional materials into flexible electronics and wearable devices has transformed various sectors, including medical monitoring and human-computer interaction interfaces. The adaptability of these materials allows for innovative designs that meet the demands of modern technology.[243.1] However, challenges remain in optimizing their performance and ensuring their reliability in practical applications.Energy Storage and Harvesting
Functional materials are increasingly recognized for their critical role in energy storage and harvesting, particularly in the context of advancing sustainable technologies. These materials are essential for the development of efficient energy conversion and storage systems, which are pivotal in addressing global energy demands and environmental challenges. Among the various applications, transparent conducting oxides and solar energy materials are highlighted as significant areas of research, contributing to the enhancement of energy efficiency and the promotion of renewable energy sources.[247.1] The integration of functional materials into energy storage technologies is particularly noteworthy. For instance, multifunctional coordination materials are being explored for their potential in batteries, supercapacitors, and nanogenerators, which are crucial for improving energy storage capabilities.[245.1] Additionally, the development of cellulose-based materials has gained traction due to their renewability and biodegradability, positioning them as promising alternatives to traditional nonbiodegradable materials in energy applications.[246.1] The integration of functional materials into existing green technologies plays a crucial role in enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness. For instance, the development of scalable and efficient water treatment technologies can be achieved by combining modifications with complementary functional materials, which optimizes adsorption and stability. This approach offers a promising pathway for advanced applications in environmental management. Furthermore, the incorporation of green chemistry principles and life cycle assessments into material design is essential for improving the sustainability of these systems.[244.1]In this section:
Molecular RecognitionPiezoelectric MaterialsMeasurementsFlexible ElectronicsFlexible Sensors
Challenges And Limitations
Material Performance Issues
Functional materials are distinguished by their ability to perform specific functions in response to environmental stimuli, setting them apart from traditional structural materials that primarily focus on withstanding external forces. These materials are engineered or modified through alterations in their components, resulting in a wide array of applications and architectures, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanoporous materials.[256.1] However, to ensure their effective application, it is crucial to address the challenges and limitations associated with their performance.[256.1] A primary challenge is understanding the relationship between the atomic-scale structures of functional materials and their macroscopic properties. This complexity necessitates a self-consistent methodology that integrates various complementary measurements for accurate characterization.[283.1] The local atomic and magnetic structures can significantly influence the properties and performance of these materials, especially when deviations occur from the long-range averaged structures.[285.1] Traditional structural refinement methods may not capture these nuances, potentially leading to misinterpretations of material behavior.[285.1] Additionally, the mechanical properties of architected materials, designed with periodic cell arrangements, pose further challenges. While these materials can exhibit exceptional properties like high stiffness-to-weight ratios and energy absorption, their performance can be limited by weak interfacial bonding between components, particularly in carbon fiber-reinforced polymers.[258.1] The reliance on fixed material geometries in many studies restricts the exploration of their full potential.[259.1] Characterizing nanoscale properties also presents significant challenges, necessitating the development of well-characterized reference materials (CRMs) and representative test materials (RTMs). These materials are essential for establishing typical measurement techniques and verifying results across different laboratories, thereby supporting method standardization.[262.1] Among various characterization techniques, nanoindentation is particularly rigorous for quantitatively assessing the mechanical properties of materials, both in bulk and thin film forms. This technique involves pricking the surface of a material with a sharp pin and studying the effects.[263.1] The use of nanoscale reference materials, which provide benchmark values, allows users to effectively test and validate their measurement techniques.[262.1]Environmental and Sustainability Concerns
The application of functional materials and devices (FM&Ds) significantly enhances the quality of life; however, it also poses substantial environmental burdens, necessitating a thorough evaluation of their life cycle impacts through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework.[264.1] LCA serves as a critical tool for assessing the environmental impacts associated with products and processes, yet its integration with emerging technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) remains underexplored.[265.1] The complexity of LCA methodologies, combined with the vast number of input parameters and their uncertainties, complicates the broader application of ML in this context.[266.1] LCA encompasses the entire life cycle of a product, from resource acquisition to disposal, and identifies environmental hotspots that can guide the selection of sustainable production methods.[268.1] However, challenges arise in the interpretation of LCA results, particularly concerning data quality and availability across all life cycle stages, which can significantly affect the outcomes.[281.1] Furthermore, the inherent complexity of LCA methodologies, including environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), may hinder effective decision-making.[281.1] The integration of big data analytics into LCA has shown promise in enhancing the assessment process, allowing for the extrapolation of existing LCA results to evaluate sustainability with limited data.[270.1] Nevertheless, the challenges of ensuring data quality, standardization, and the incorporation of social aspects into LCA methodologies remain critical areas for improvement.[279.1] As LCA approaches mainstream adoption, it is essential to address these limitations to enhance its robustness and applicability in decision-making processes across both private and public sectors.[280.1]In this section:
References
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[7] Recent developments and advanced applications of promising functional ... — The functional nanocomposites have widely applications in green buildings, including energy conservation and emission reduction, environmentally friendly, and improving building performance [, , ].For example, functional nanocomposites were prepared into efficient insulation materials, reducing heat loss inside and outside buildings, improving insulation performance, and thus
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[17] Recent Advances in Flexible Multifunctional Sensors — Multifunctional sensors usually include the following: (1) functional materials to respond to different stimuli (Figure 1 B); (2) advanced structures to recombine sensing materials (Figure 1 C); and (3) intelligent systems to decouple overlapped signals. Several novel materials, from ultrathin silicon to ionic liquid, have been used to
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[56] Metal-organic frameworks: Structures and functional applications ... — This review presents an up-to-date summary ranging from the structural and physical properties of MOFs to their recent application advances including gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensors, proton conductivity, biomedicine, and others. This review will present an overview ranging from the structural and physical properties of MOFs to their recent application advances including gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensors, biomedicine, and proton conductivity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are constructed by organic linkers and metal ions or clusters and have emerged as a new type of crystalline materials with large surface area (typically ranging from 1000 to 10,000 m2/g), high porosity, tunable structures, and flexible tailorability, compared with traditional porous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons , , .
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[59] Shaping the Future: Top 5 Trends in the Functional Polymer Market — The functional polymer market is dynamic and transformative, driven by advancements in materials science, evolving application needs, and a growing focus on sustainability. The trends highlighted above, including biopolymers, smart polymers, nanotechnology integration, 3D printing, and advanced coatings and adhesives, are shaping the future of
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[70] 2 Materials and Functionality: A Historical Perspective - INFLIBNET Centre — Importance of functional materials and their classification; ... Steel has evolved as the most used material in the history of mankind which was synthesized by the humans and is used in a wide array of applications. Since 1700 onwards, after industrial revolution and renaissance in western science due to advances in chemistry, many more metals
[84] Recent Advances in Functional Materials, Volume 1 - Springer — This volume presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Functional Materials (RAFM 2024). It covers a wide range of topics such as multifunctional materials, 2D materials, biomaterials, materials for environmental studies, DFT and solar simulation of materials, perovskite and double perovskite materials, luminescent materials, smart materials, materials
[86] Recent Advances in Functional Materials and Devices — Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Materials (SPM, volume 37) The book presents the select proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD-2023). Various topics covered in this book include 2D materials, biomaterials, materials for environmental studies, DFT and solar simulation of materials, perovskite and double perovskite materials, luminescent materials, smart materials, materials for energy conversion and storage, smart materials, advanced functional materials, polymeric materials, composites, liquid crystals, materials for sustainable development, nanomaterials and thin films, smart devices and quantum dots synthesis technique, and characterization tools with application in smart devices. This book is for researchers and professionals working on various functional materials for device applications. Editors: Saluru Baba Krupanidhi, Anjali Sharma, Anjani Kumar Singh, Vinita Tuli
[87] Future Outlook and Challenges of 2D Materials — These techniques could help overcome the challenges associated with fabricating 2D materials for flexible electronics on a large scale. 4.4 Commercial Impact One example of commercial progress is the work done by companies like Samsung and LG, who are actively researching 2D materials for use in flexible displays.
[88] Opportunities and challenges of 2D materials in back-end-of-line ... — As the challenges in continued scaling of the integrated circuit technology escalate every generation, there is an urgent need to find viable solutions for both the front-end-of-line (transistors) and the back-end-of-line (interconnects).
[90] Challenges and Opportunities in 2D Materials — For many 2D material systems, fundamental studies related to their properties are overlooked by groups wanting to delve directly into applications. However, a rational understanding of the structure of 2D materials and their resultant properties is key to exceeding the state-of-the-art.
[91] Applications of Biomaterials in Healthcare and Medicine — Biomaterials are materials used to build medical devices or implants/prostheses, meant to restore or replace lost or impaired body functions. Natural polymers like starch and collagen are easy to source and break down rapidly, making them suitable for biomaterial use. Synthetic polymers are more commonly useful in making dental and prosthetic materials, implants and single-use medical equipment. Interestingly, though created for non-medical uses, compounds like polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMA), polyethylenterephthalate (PEEP), and polyurethane (PU) resemble body tissues in humans so closely in their physical and mechanical qualities that they are now extensively used in biomedicine. Retrieved on March 25, 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Applications-of-Biomaterials-in-Healthcare-and-Medicine.aspx. <https://www.news-medical.net/health/Applications-of-Biomaterials-in-Healthcare-and-Medicine.aspx>. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Applications-of-Biomaterials-in-Healthcare-and-Medicine.aspx. News-Medical, viewed 25 March 2025, https://www.news-medical.net/health/Applications-of-Biomaterials-in-Healthcare-and-Medicine.aspx. News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance with these terms and conditions.
[92] Application of biomaterial in healthcare and medicine — Application of biomaterials in musculoskeletal injuries: Repairing and regenerating musculoskeletal tissue is challenging in healthcare and it depends on the site and type of injury, healing, biomaterial type, etc.
[93] Common Applications Of Biomaterials In Life Sciences — Biomaterials support many innovative medical interventions, from high-strength applications in orthopedics to precision uses in ophthalmology. These materials have revolutionized how we approach diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and more. The versatility of biomaterials used in life sciences comes from a convergence of technical disciplines in science, engineering, and medicine
[94] Biomaterials in Medical Applications - PMC — Natural biomaterials are materials extracted from living organisms or their by-products. These materials have many advantages, such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, the use of natural biomaterials has steadily increased due to the high demand for medical applications.
[96] How biomaterials are reshaping medicine and patient outcomes — From drug delivery and tissue engineering to infection control and sustainable solutions, these advancements have the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes worldwide. Download the comprehensive biomaterials report and stay ahead of emerging trends with the latest advancements in the field.
[100] Functional materials for sustainable energy technologies: four case ... — The subject of functional materials for sustainable energy technologies is demanding and recognized as a top priority in providing many of the key underpinning technological solutions for a sustainable energy future. Energy generation, consumption, storage, and supply security will continue to be major drivers for this subject.
[105] Smart Materials: 10 Latest Products In The Market - The Architects Diary — Smart materials are materials with extraordinary properties that respond to external stimuli. They are transforming the landscape of technology, design, and everyday life. These materials possess the ability to adapt, change, and even enhance their functionalities based on environmental conditions. Thus, it makes them dynamic and responsive.
[107] Recent technological innovations in mycelium materials as leather ... — Recent technological innovations in mycelium materials as leather substitutes: a patent review Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 7:11:1204861. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204861. ... with a growing number of companies betting on this new class of biomaterials. However, we also reveal the need for further scientific research to fully understand the
[108] Top 10 emerging trends in biomaterials - CAS — In collaboration with Westlake University in Hangzhou, China, this CAS Insights Report highlights the emerging landscape of hydrogels, antimicrobials, lipid nanoparticles, exosomes, and more that are redefining the future of biomaterials that interact with biological systems. This report identifies new opportunities, emerging trends, and key challenges ahead for the many industries and
[109] Global trends in clinical trials involving engineered biomaterials - AAAS — Emerging biomaterials, such as injectable biomaterials and nanoparticles are at the forefront of biomedical research, promising transformative advances in health care treatments. Injectable biomaterials, including hydrogels, microgels, and in situ curable materials, are extensively used in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications ( 12
[110] Smart biomaterials in healthcare: Breakthroughs in tissue engineering ... — The "degree of smartness" exhibited by a smart biomaterials is characterized by its sensitivity to detect and respond to specific internal or external stimuli of the tissue, like temperature, pH, ionic strength, light, magnetism, and more. 3 The unique property of undergoing controlled and reversible changes in behavior, structure, or properties based on encountered stimuli enables smart
[112] Two-Dimensional Materials for Renewable Energy Devices — The 2D materials hold the potential to overcome limitations in the classic renewable energy harvesting technology and are expected to revolutionize the standard materials with magnificent performance and low production cost in the future era of renewable energy. In this article, we review certain novel 2D materials for renewable energy devices
[114] Recent developments in 2D materials for energy harvesting applications — The incorporation of 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP), etc, could further enhance their PCE beyond 20% and improve their usage for renewable energy generation . The merits of using 2D materials in PV architectures are improved cell performance due to superior electrical
[126] Exploring the world of functional materials - ScienceDirect — The classification of functional materials is so wide to be precisely defined but depending on their applications they are broadly classified as biomaterials, composites, ceramics, functionally graded materials, energy materials, thin film materials, nanomaterials, nuclear materials, intermetallic, high-strength materials, structural materials
[127] Functional Classification Of Materials | ipl.org - Internet Public Library — Functional classification of materials Materials can also be classified according to what is their most important function and in which industry they are mostly used. ... Chapter 1: Historical background and functioning of nuclear energy: The history and how does nuclear energy work is critical to understand the uses and the dangers of this
[129] Advanced Functional Materials — Ultimately, the Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 solar cells achieve a record fill factor exceeding 73%, with a championefficiency of 10.58%. This study presents an effective interfacial engineering strategy to enhance charge transport properties for high-performance Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 solar cells.
[130] Synergistic Enhancement of Light Harvesting and Interfacial Defect ... — Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing a SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) have consistently broken efficiency records over the past decade by developing new active materials and optimizing device structures. As a key functional layer of PSCs, the SnO2 ETL directly dictates the performance and stability of the entire device. However, the defect-induced recombination losses and the optical
[131] Performance and Stability Enhancement of Hole-Transporting Materials in ... — Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted device configuration, commonly named as p-i-n architecture, hold significant promise for future commercialization owing to their scalable fabrication processes, reliable performance, and compatibility with a broad spectrum of tandem photovoltaics. Notably, the advancements in hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are pivotal in enhancing the power
[132] Exploring the Impact of Heavy Atom Substitutions (Se, Te) on ... - Springer — Heavy atom substitution is a promising strategy for enhancing organic solar cells (OSCs) performance. This study explores the optoelectronic impact of such substitution on the recently synthesized non-fullerene acceptor CB16 (C0). Specifically, two derivatives, C1 and C2, were designed, replacing sulfur (S) with two distinct heavy heteroatoms selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te), respectively
[135] Nanomaterials: An overview of synthesis, classification ... — The properties of nanometer-scale materials differ significantly from those of atoms and bulk materials because of the surface charge/interaction, crystallography, composition, surface area, and nanoscale size effects that can be seen in the magnetic, optical, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of nanomaterials.
[140] Advances in medical devices using nanomaterials and nanotechnology ... — 1. Introduction. Medical devices using nanomaterials and nanotechnology contain or are manufactured using materials within the nanoscale range (approximately 1 nm-100 nm) or materials that exhibit dimension-dependent properties or phenomena .Nanomaterials offer broad application prospects in medical devices compared to traditional materials due to their superior nano effects.
[141] Nanomedicine and drug delivery: A comprehensive review of applications ... — Recent developments include the integration of various nanomaterials such as carbon dots, nanorobots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and metal-based nanoparticles, each offering unique properties that enhance drug delivery, targeting, and overall therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate recent advancements in nanomedicine, particularly focusing on nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, their biomedical applications, and the challenges associated with their clinical translation. These green nanoparticles offer a more sustainable and biocompatible approach compared to conventional methods, as they minimize the use of toxic chemicals in synthesis and provide additional therapeutic benefits due to the bioactive compounds from the natural sources used in their preparation.Secondly, the review discusses the diverse biomedical applications of nanomedicine in treating various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, ophthalmological conditions, and antibiotic resistance.
[143] Nano-materials: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications — Electronics. Nano-materials are revolutionizing the electronics industry by enabling the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. Examples include: Transistors: Carbon nanotubes and graphene are being explored for use in transistors, offering higher speed and lower power consumption compared to traditional silicon-based devices.
[153] Basic Principles of Functional Materials for Biomedical Applications — Functional materials are easily processed into various device modalities, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles for instance quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Fig. 2).So, the most widely explored functional materials in the field of biomedical applications including QDs, CNTs, magnetic nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles
[155] Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine ... — Similar to wearable electronics, implantable FHE enabled by soft functional materials offer a number of applications in health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Figure 3 shows a collection of representative examples of flexible-membrane based implantable electronics.
[156] PDF — Types and properties of functional materials Functional materials encompass a wide range of substances, each tailored for a specific purpose. Some notable examples include, Superconductors: These materials exhibit zero electrical resistance at low temperatures, enabling efficient electricity transmission and magnetic levitation systems .
[158] Functional Material - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics — The definition of functional materials represents a material's capacity to execute a certain "function" in response to a certain stimuli .Different types of functional material are engineered or morphed by changing their components. These materials can be extensively categorized in various architecture viz. nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoporous materials, and other hierarchical
[164] Synthesis Techniques for Novel Nanomaterials | SpringerLink — Novel nanomaterials (NMs) with high efficiency, low cost, and low energy demand have emerged as an attractive class of materials in high demand for a variety of energy storage applications. They are categorized based on their composition, dimensions, or morphology. For the synthesis of novel NMs, three main approaches are used. Those are physical, chemical, and biological synthesis techniques
[173] 30 Years of functionally graded materials: An overview of manufacturing ... — This research provides an overview of manufacturing methods for FGMs, thus describing the fundamental difficulties and strengths of these methods based on the available literature over 30 years.
[175] Functionally Graded Materials - discoverengineering.org — The materials must be carefully selected and engineered to ensure that they bond well and do not degrade over time. This requires a deep understanding of the properties and behavior of the constituent materials. Cost Considerations. The cost of producing FGMs can be high, especially for advanced fabrication techniques and high-performance
[179] (PDF) Materials and Manufacturing Process for Ballistic ... - ResearchGate — Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of these materials and manufacturing methods, along with considerations of economic feasibility, scalability, and mass production, are critically examined .
[180] Computational Design of Functionally Graded Materials from Sintered ... — A new computational method is presented for the efficient design of alloy systems in functionally graded materials (FGMs), optimized for manufacturability (sintering) as well as performance. The design methodology uses a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) integrated with computational thermodynamics and physics-based predictive models to optimize the composition of each alloy in the FGM
[182] Computational Design of Additive Manufactured Functionally Graded ... — Functionally graded materials (FMGs) prepared by additive manufacturing enable the use of composition as a spatial design parameter that can be used to control the stable phases in a part as well as transition between dissimilar materials to tailor the properties of materials as a function of position.
[183] Functionally Graded Materials Are More Important Than Ever—and Digital ... — Fortunately, recent advancements in materials science like additive manufacturing and computational modeling have opened the door for a new solution: Functionally graded materials (FGMs).
[186] Functionally Graded Material - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics — Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are multifunctional materials that contain a spatial variation in composition and/or microstructure for the specific purpose of controlling variations in thermal, structural or functional properties. This kind of grading across the thickness provided an opportunity to have polarization-graded structure across the interface, and the coupling between the layers provided overall unique polarization characteristics, leading to interesting properties for the composite, which were not expected in the individual materials system. In summary, a functionally graded ferroelectric bilayer and a trilayer bulk laminate composite of BT and BTBCN with different thicknesses of individual layers (while keeping the same overall effective thickness) have been investigated.
[187] Functionally Graded Materials - discoverengineering.org — Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) represent a revolutionary advancement in the field of Material Science and Engineering. This article delves into the fundamentals, historical development, applications, advanced topics, and challenges associated with FGMs, providing a comprehensive overview of their significance in engineering. From aerospace and biomedical engineering to electronics and energy, FGMs are enabling the development of advanced technologies and improving the performance and durability of existing systems. While there are challenges associated with their fabrication and material compatibility, ongoing research and technological advancements are helping to address these issues and unlock the full potential of FGMs. As the field continues to evolve, FGMs are expected to play an increasingly important role in the development of innovative and sustainable engineering solutions.
[188] Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser ... — Functionally graded material (FGM) can tailor properties of components such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and functionality to enhance the overall performance. The selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing highlights the capability in manufacturing FGMs with a high geometrical complexity and manufacture flexibility.
[191] Selective Laser Melting and Spark Plasma Sintering: A Perspective on ... — However, despite these benefits, challenges persist in terms of optimizing the structure and molding design of the composites to achieve the desired functional characteristics . Addressing these challenges is essential for advancing the manufacturing processes and enhancing the performance of metal-ceramic composites .
[204] Applications of scientific machine learning for the analysis of ... — The current study investigates the different machine-learning based approaches for the analysis of porous beams with functionally graded materials. In fact, in the DNB framework, by considering the output of a neural network as an approximation to the displacement fields and deriving the formulation for equations governing beam behavior, the
[205] Machine Learning for Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded ... — Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a transformative manufacturing technology enabling direct fabrication of complex parts layer-by-layer from 3D modeling data. Among AM applications, the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) has significant importance due to the potential to enhance component performance across several industries. FGMs are manufactured with a gradient composition
[207] Machine Learning for Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded ... — Among AM applications, the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) has significant importance due to the potential to enhance component performance across several industries. ... Machine Learning for Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials. / Karimzadeh, Mohammad; Basvoju, Deekshith; Vakanski, Aleksandar et al. In
[220] What are Smart Materials? Structures, Examples, Types ... - PAKTECHPOINT — Smart materials represent a diverse family of substances that exhibit unique responses to external stimuli, making them adaptable and functional in various applications. Here are some of the key types of smart materials: Piezoelectric Materials: These materials generate electrical charge in response to mechanical stress and vice versa. Widely
[225] Functional conductive hydrogels: from performance to flexible sensor ... — This review focuses on and summarizes the preparation strategies and general methods of functional conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors. Firstly, the general properties and improvement methods of conductive hydrogels are briefly introduced, mainly including electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.
[226] Advanced Hybrid materials in electrochemical sensors: Combining MOFs ... — CPs represent a class of organic materials distinguished by their high electrical conductivity and redox properties, making them a robust platform for electrochemical sensors. Their electrochemical activity is also paramount for translating molecular recognition events into measurable electrical signals, a fundamental process in electroanalysis.
[228] Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly ... — PVDF and its copolymers are one of the most robust and multifunctional polymeric materials, demonstrating its applicability in a wide variety of applications, including sensors, electronic devices, piezoelectric generators, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and portable analytical devices, among others. (22,23) The sustainability concerns of
[243] Amyloid‐based functional materials and their application in flexible ... — With the advancement of material science and life science, the development of flexible sensors has dramatically changed daily life and industrial production and has been widely used in medical monitoring, wearable electronic devices, remote health management, and human-computer interaction interfaces. 1-6 Starting with arrays of pressure
[244] Cross-material synergies of carbon nanomaterials, MOFs, and COFs ... — To develop scalable and efficient water treatment technologies, Park, ... combining such modifications with complementary functional materials could further optimise adsorption and stability, offering a promising pathway for advanced applications. ... The integration of green chemistry and life cycle assessment into material design, as shown in
[245] Multifunctional Coordination Materials for Green Energy Technologies — This book covers the design and fabrication approaches of multifunctional coordination materials for green energy-related technologies, including batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, and nanogenerators. Discusses fundamentals of multifunctional coordination materials; Explains vital synthesis and design techniques as well as theoretical
[246] Sustainability Meets Functionality: Green Design Approaches to ... — Cellulose has gained significant attention as a sustainable resource due to its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability, making it a promising alternative to nonbiodegradable materials. Various cellulose-based materials (CBMs) have been engineered to improve the properties of natural cellulose. However, achieving full sustainability of CBMs remains challenging, primarily on account of
[247] Functional Materials for Sustainable Energy Technologies: Four Case Studies — Functional energy materials are recognized as a top priority in providing many of the key technological solutions for next-generation energy conversion and storage systems. We highlight four areas of activity in which functional materials are already a significant element of world-wide research efforts: transparent conducting oxides, solar energy materials, materials for thermoelectric energy
[256] Functional Material - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics — The definition of functional materials represents a material's capacity to execute a certain "function" in response to a certain stimuli .Different types of functional material are engineered or morphed by changing their components. These materials can be extensively categorized in various architecture viz. nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoporous materials, and other hierarchical
[258] Nonlinear Mechanical Properties of Irregular Architected Materials — Abstract. Architected materials have received increasing attention due to their exotic mechanical properties including ultra-high stiffness-to-weight ratio, strength, energy absorption, and toughness. Typically, their mechanical properties and deformation behavior arise from the periodically tessellated unit cells. Although periodicity in conventional architected materials promises homogeneity
[259] Design Criteria for Architected Materials with Programmable Mechanical ... — Architected materials comprising periodic arrangements of cells have attracted considerable interest in various fields because of their unconventional properties and versatile functionality. Although some better properties may be exhibited when this homogeneous layout is broken, most such studies rely on a fixed material geometry, which limits
[262] Nanoscale reference and test materials for the validation of ... — These stringent requirements on NM characterization call for the development of well-characterized (certified) reference materials (CRMs; RMs) and representative test materials (RTMs) for establishing typical measurement techniques and verifying results (Fig. 1) in different laboratories and to support method standardization.Such nanoscale RMs, providing benchmark values, allow users to test
[263] In situ nanoindentation: Probing nanoscale multifunctionality — Amongst the wide variety of characterization techniques, nanoindentation is the most rigorous approach for quantitative characterization of nanoscale mechanical properties of materials (bulk and thin film form) , .To the uninitiated, nanoindentation can be likened to pricking the surface of the material with a very sharp pin, and studying the process and effect of this pin prick.
[264] Toward artificial intelligence and machine learning-enabled ... - Springer — The application of functional materials and devices (FM&Ds) underpins numerous products and services, facilitating improved quality of life, but also constitutes a huge environmental burden on the natural ecosystem, prompting the need to quantify their value-chain impact using the bottom-up life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. As the volume of FM&Ds manufactured increases, the LCA
[265] Integrating machine learning with life cycle assessment: a ... — Purpose Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an essential tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes, yet its integration with Machine Learning (ML) remains underexplored. This paper addresses the critical gap in the literature by analyzing how AI-enabled tools are incorporated into LCA methodology to predict potential environmental impacts. Our research aims to provide
[266] Advances in application of machine learning to life cycle assessment: a ... — Purpose Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the process of systematically assessing impacts when there is an interaction between the environment and human activity. Machine learning (ML) with LCA methods can help contribute greatly to reducing impacts. The sheer number of input parameters and their uncertainties that contribute to the full life cycle make a broader application of ML complex and
[268] Frameworks for the application of machine learning in life cycle ... — LCA's holistic nature is twofold: it encompasses a process or product's entire life cycle from resource and energy acquisition to production, utilization, and eventual disposal, while also addressing various environmental impacts (Chebaeva et al., 2021).LCA leads to identifying environmental hotspots in systems, thereby aiding in the selection of environmentally sustainable production methods
[270] Digital technologies for life cycle assessment: a review and integrated ... — Their machine learning-based model extrapolates the results of existing LCAs, enabling online retailers to evaluate the sustainability of clothing items in their assortment with limited data. 4.4 Life cycle assessment and big data. Out of the 103 papers included in the analysis, 19 focused on the use of big data in LCA.
[279] Life Cycle Assessment of construction materials: Methodologies ... — Life Cycle Assessment of construction materials: Methodologies, applications and future directions for sustainable decision-making - ScienceDirect Skip to main contentSkip to article Journals & Books Help Search My account Sign in View PDF Download full issue Search ScienceDirect Case Studies in Construction Materials Volume 19, December 2023, e02326 Life Cycle Assessment of construction materials: Methodologies, applications and future directions for sustainable decision-making Author links open overlay panelSalim Barbhuiya a, Bibhuti Bhusan Das b Show more Add to Mendeley Share Cite https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02326Get rights and content Under a Creative Commons license open access Abstract This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies applied to construction materials. It begins with an introduction highlighting the significance of LCA in the construction industry, followed by an overview of LCA principles, phases and key parameters specific to construction materials. The methodological approaches utilised in LCA, including inventory analysis, impact assessment, normalisation, allocation methods and uncertainty analysis, are discussed in detail. The paper then provides a thorough review of LCA studies on various construction materials, such as cement, concrete, steel and wood, examining their life cycle stages and environmental considerations. The challenges and future directions in LCA implementation for construction materials are discussed, emphasising the need for data quality, standardisation, social aspects integration and industry-research collaboration.
[280] Challenges in Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview of Current Gaps and ... — The good news is: life cycle assessment (LCA) is approaching mainstream. After many years of method development, case studies, international standardization, database and software development, LCA is mature and robust enough to be used for decision-making—in both private and public organizations.
[281] The Limitations and Variability Within Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) — The main challenges and limitations of LCAs are linked to the interpretation of their results. For instance, data quality and availability across all stages of a product's life cycle may impact the results of LCAs. Additionally, the complexity of methodologies like environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) may create
[283] Opportunities and challenges in understanding complex functional materials — If understanding the function of complex materials truly depends on determining their atomic-scale structures, then the clear challenge is to develop and apply a self-consistent methodology for
[285] A New Spin on Material Properties: Local Magnetic Structure in ... — The past few decades have made clear that the properties and performances of emerging functional and quantum materials can depend strongly on their local atomic and/or magnetic structure, particularly when details of the local structure deviate from the long-range structure averaged over space and time. Traditional methods of structural refinement (e.g., Rietveld) are typically sensitive only