Chickens are one of the most important sources of meat worldwide, and the growth status of abdominal fat is closely related to production efficiency. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in lipid metabolism and deposition regulation. However, research on the expression profile of lncRNAs related to the development of abdominal fat in chickens after hatching and their interaction regulatory networks is still lacking. To characterize the lncRNA expression profile during the development of chicken abdominal fat, abdominal adipose tissues from 6-, 14-, 22-, and 30-week-old Chinese Gushi chickens were herein used to construct 12 cDNA libraries, and a total of 3,827 new lncRNAs and 5,466 previously annotated lncRNAs were revealed. At the same time, based on the comparative analysis of five combinations, 276 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were screened. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the predicted target genes of these DE-lncRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways related to the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, negative regulation of cell proliferation, cell adhesion and other biological processes, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid synthesis and others. In addition, association analysis of the lncRNA transcriptome profile was performed, and DE-lncRNA-related lncRNA-mRNA, lncRNA-miRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction regulatory networks were constructed. The results showed that DE-lncRNA formed a complex network with PPAR pathway components, including PPARD, ACOX1, ADIPOQ, CPT1A, FABP5, ASBG2, LPL, PLIN2 and related miRNAs, including mir-200b-3p, mir-130b-3p, mir-215-5p, mir-122-5p, mir-223 and mir-125b-5p, and played an important regulatory role in biological processes such as lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. This study described the dynamic expression profile of lncRNAs in the abdominal fat of Gushi chickens for the first time and constructed the DE-lncRNA interaction regulatory network. The results expand the number of known lncRNAs in chicken abdominal fat and provide valuable resources for further elucidating the posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of chicken abdominal fat development or deposition.

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