American Journal of Distance Education

Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education

D. Randy Garrison, Terry Anderson, Walter Archer · 2001 · 3K citations

Education, Educational Technology, Teaching +13

Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment

Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena, Frank Zittle · 1997 · 2K citations

Education, Communication, Educational Technology +15

Facilitating Cognitive Presence in Online Learning: Interaction Is Not Enough

D. Randy Garrison, Martha Cleveland‐Innes · 2005 · 1.5K citations

Education, Educational Technology, Higher Education +13

How Many Ways Can We Define Online Learning? A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions of Online Learning (1988-2018)

Vandana Singh, Alexander C. Thurman · 2019 · 1.4K citations

Education, Educational Technology, Distance Education +6

The Relationship of Social Presence and Interaction in Online Classes

Chih‐Hsiung Tu, Marina Stock McIsaac · 2002 · 1.2K citations

Education, Communication, Educational Technology +16