Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · 2015 · 13 citations · 15 references
PlanningEmergency PlanningUrban PlanningEmergency ManagementEvacuation PlanningPedestrian PlanningEvacuation ProceduresEvacuation SimulationTraffic Flow ManagementTransport ModelingTransport ModellingUrban TransportEmergency Evacuation ModelingEvacuationEvacuation ModelingPassenger EvacuationPedestrian Evacuation ModelingScenario-based Evacuation AnalysisSequential AssignmentTraffic Management
Simulation is an effective tool for estimating evacuation times, identifying system bottlenecks, and evaluating traffic management strategies under a variety of operational and behavioral assumptions. The development of a multimodal simulation model for modeling evacuation activities in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is presented. The model applied a dynamic sequential assignment method to simulate the movement and interactions of pedestrians, private vehicles, and buses while considering the variation of evacuation demand and network conditions during evacuation operations. The model was used to perform scenario analysis and provide inputs to update current evacuation plans. This study shares the experience and findings from the Philadelphia study in modeling multimodal evacuations in dense urban areas.
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Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations
Dirk Helbing, Illés J. Farkas, Péter Molnár et al. · 2002 · 756 citations