Traffic management is the systematic process of planning, organizing, and controlling the movement within transportation networks. This field investigates traffic flow dynamics, system performance, and user behavior to optimize efficiency, safety, and sustainability. As an academic concept and research area, it encompasses the analysis of complex network interactions, the development and deployment of strategies and technologies (including Intelligent Transportation Systems), and the formulation of policy to enhance network capacity, reduce congestion and environmental impact, and improve overall mobility and accessibility. Its significance lies in enabling efficient transportation systems crucial for economic activity, urban development, and quality of life.