Behavior of feedlot cattle during two seasons

Abstract

Observations were made of diurnal feedlot behavior of steers during two seasons (summer and winter) at Yuma, Arizona. Activity and location of each animal were noted for 24-hr. periods twice weekly for 4 to 6 weeks during each season. A total of 144 steers were involved in the two studies. Two major periods of feeding activity were noted in both trials. The first peak occurred around sunrise and the second, more intense period during the afternoon. Hot summer conditions modified this pattern by decreasing the frequency of eating activity during midday, delaying the afternoon peak, and increasing the frequency during the early evening hours. During the winter an increase in feeding activity was noted when feed was placed in the bunks. This response was essentially absent during the summer. In a thermoneutral environment, water is normally consumed only during the daylight hours. Thermal stress alters this pattern by increasing the frequency of drinking during the afternoon and early evening hours, with a slight increase also observed during the night. Steers are generally inactive (laying down) when not eating or drinking. The most marked seasonal difference was noted for shade use. Steers fed during the summer utilize shades more during the daylight hours, but less at night, than animals fed in the winter. Summer use of shades during early morning hours may be more dependent on light intensity than ambient temperature.