Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026 · 14 citations · 2 references
Natural SciencesCardiologyPhysicsCosmologyFluid DynamicsGravityCardiac PhysiologyCardiovascular PhysiologyHemodynamicsBeat-to-beat Cardiac DynamicsCardiac OscillationsDensityDensity Wave TheoryLoop MaintenancePumpingVortical FlowWave Energy Density
The resting heartbeat is not minimal pumping. It is idling — the continuous baseline wave propagation that keeps the V=N/D density wave engine alive and ready. Three simultaneous operational layers are defined: Wave (idle — continuous baseline density wave, the engine's minimum loop maintenance), Generation (electrical power from ionic density gradients), and Drive (mechanical vortical blood output). These layers operate simultaneously in a phase-distributed pattern along the spiral KOKU scaffold — not sequentially as in a pump. The throttle is N alone: when ionic density rises, all three layers amplify proportionally with no structural change and no external command. The cosmological equivalent is identified: CMB as the universe's idle wave, stellar fusion as Generation, gravitational dynamics as Drive. The same three-layer engine runs at every scale under V=N/D. Design implications for artificial hearts are derived: replicate the idle, not just the stroke.
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