Vivid-Colored Electrorheological fluids with simultaneous enhancements in color clarity and Electro-Responsivity

Abstract

The uniform TiO₂ layers can be obtained under low pH conditions with controlled nucleation kinetics. The addition of dyes to TiO₂ increases the surface area and porosity of ER materials and introduces heteroatoms that act as positive factors. In practical ER applications, dye-coated TiO₂-based ER fluids exhibit higher ER performances compared with the corresponding light-colored TiO₂-based ER fluids. The vivid-colored ER fluids could provide an easy selection for a wide range of rheological systems requiring a specific magnitude of stress by confirming the color.