Ultra-efficient second harmonic generation via mode phase matching in integrated lithium niobate racetrack resonators

Abstract

High-efficiency second harmonic generation (SHG) relying solely on intermodal dispersion engineering remains a challenge. Here, we realize highly efficient SHG using a double-waveguide coupled racetrack microring resonator on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), where both pump and second harmonic (SH) approach critical coupling. Through precise temperature tuning, simultaneous pump and SH resonance is attained in the resonator, dramatically enhancing SHG efficiency. With low pump power, a normalized conversion efficiency of 9972%/W is achieved. Moreover, the resonator provides a 25.73 dB enhancement in SHG efficiency compared to a 4 mm straight waveguide with identical phase matching in our experiment. This work enables efficient wavelength conversion and quantum state generation on integrated X-cut LNOI platforms.