Understanding factors affecting the integration of geriatric nurse practitioners into health systems

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Geriatric nurse practitioners (NPs) are introduced into health systems to alleviate provider shortages and improve care for older adults. To achieve these goals, geriatric NPs must be integrated into the health system such that they can efficaciously practice. Internationally, little is known about factors affecting the integration of NPs. Such evidence would improve policymaking and the impact of geriatric NPs on care. In Israel, geriatric NPs were recently introduced. Their ongoing integration is an exemplar for other countries. PURPOSE: To identify factors affecting the integration of geriatric NPs in Israel and discuss application of these factors in international policy and research. METHODOLOGY: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided this qualitative descriptive study. A semistructured interview guide was used to collect data from four professional groups (geriatric NPs, physicians, administrators, and policymakers), which, together, provide a system-level perspective. Factors were identified using deductive content analysis and designated as facilitators, barriers, neutral, or mixed effects. RESULTS: There were 58 participants across the four professional groups. Twenty-eight factors were identified, including patient needs and leadership engagement (facilitators), available information (barrier), culture (mixed), and evidence strength (neutral). Perspectives on several factors differed by the professional group's role in integrating NPs (e.g., costs ). CONCLUSIONS: The barriers highlight lacking interprofessional support from a priori policymaking and communication breakdowns. Policies should reflect priorities of administrators, clinicians, and policymakers. IMPLICATIONS: These factors may inform policymaking in other countries but would be most effective if based on country-specific research. This implementation science approach may inform future studies.