Ageism Interventions: The Need for An Ecological Perspective

Abstract

Ageism is a dynamic force of oppression that presents systemically within all levels of Bronfenbrenner's ecological system framework (microsystem, exosystem, mesosystem and macrosystem). Although ageism is a well-documented phenomenon with wide-reaching negative impacts, interventions to mitigate ageism's effects remain understudied. This internal evaluation conducted a deductive content analysis of 208 resources on an anti-ageism resource clearinghouse, OldSchool.info. Resources were organized using two coding schemes; to determine focal points based on the ecological systems theory and to ascertain the mechanisms of the intervention (e.g., active or passive approach). Results indicate the majority of ageism interventions are passive-oriented societal-level macrosystem approaches. Findings indicate active-oriented interventions at the personal and relational levels are lacking. Since ageism is embedded within all of the interacting levels of the ecological system, meaningful change in policy and practice will require multiple approaches to developing positive change toward building an age-inclusive society. An ecological approach to ageism can provide critical insights toward the development of policy and law to reduce or eliminate ageism, including promoting positive behaviors and attitudes at the individual level and raising awareness of anti-discrimination and human rights laws at the macrosystem level.