Postsynthetic Modification of Ti-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Polyamines and Its Behavior on Biochemical Constituents of <i>Sesamum indicum</i> L. under Heat Stress Conditions

Abstract

Climate change can affect the characteristics of various crops, such as biomass production, phenology, and physiology. Heat stress is one of the critical environmental factors for climate change; here, Sesamum indicum L. was planted in the field under heat stress of El-Wadi El-Gedeed conditions. To overcome the loss in seed yield and oil contents, the titanium–organic framework (MIL-125-NH2) can be modified with a free amino group in the network backbone using polyamines such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spr) through a cross-linker with the phosphoryl group. The modified materials were sprayed on the vegetative part of S. indicum L., and the obtained results showed that the prepared materials have excellent performance toward growth parameters, added chemical components, and crop yield. The weight of sesame seeds obtained after treatment with Put@MIL-125-NH2, Spr@MIL-125-NH2, and Spd@MIL-125-NH2 showed an increase that is 1.39, 1.92, and 2.16 times that of the control experiment. The finding results support sustainable modern agriculture.