Journal of Educational Psychology · 2001 · 54 citations · 0 references
EducationEducational PsychologyHuman DevelopmentChild DevelopmentCognitive DevelopmentDevelopmental PsychologySpatial AttentionSpatial AwarenessSpatial CognitionSpatial OrientationSpatial PerceptionSpatial ReasoningLongitudinal Correlation StudySpatial AptitudeSpatial Cognition DevelopmentSpatial Reasoning DevelopmentSpatial Reasoning SkillsSpatial SenseVisual-spatial Reasoning Assessment
Neglecting spatial ability risks losing potential in artistic, scientific, and technical fields. The study followed 563 top‑IQ adolescents, measuring SAT‑M, SAT‑V, and DAT spatial and mechanical reasoning at age 13 and using multivariate analysis to predict high‑school preferences, degree fields, and 33‑year‑old occupations. Spatial ability adds incremental predictive power beyond SAT scores for educational and career outcomes, indicating its value for talent identification.
At age 13, 393 boys and 170 girls scoring at the top 0.5% in general intelligence completed the Scholastic Assessment Test Mathematics (SAT-M) and Verbal (SAT-V) subtests and the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) Space Relations (SR) and Mechanical Reasoning (MR) subtests. Longitudinal data were collected through follow-up questionnaires completed at ages 18, 23, and 33. Multivariate statistical methods were employed using the SAT-M, SAT-V, and a DAT (SR + MR) composite to predict a series of developmentally sequenced educational-vocational outcomes: (a) favorite and least favorite high school class, (b) undergraduate degree field, (c) graduate degree field, and (d) occupation at age 33. Spatial ability added incremental validity to SAT-M and SAT-V assessments in predicting educational-vocational outcomes over these successive time frames. It appears that spatial ability assessments can complement contemporary talent search procedures. The amount of lost potential for artistic, scientific, and technical disciplines that results from neglecting this critical dimension of nonverbal ideation is discussed.