Models for Relief Routing: Equity, Efficiency and Efficacy

TLDR

Humanitarian relief routing and allocation are crucial, and unlike commercial logistics that prioritize cost minimization, relief operations must balance rapid, sufficient distribution with equitable service, though quantifying these objectives is difficult. The study defines performance metrics for relief distribution and investigates how efficiency, efficacy, and equity shape vehicle routes and resource allocation. The authors analyze the impact of efficacy (speed and sufficiency) and equity (service comparability) on routing structures, using analytical properties and computational experiments. They uncover routing trends and principles that guide humanitarian relief based on the problems’ analytical characteristics and simulation results.

Abstract

In humanitarian relief operations, vehicle routing and supply allocation decisions are critically important. Similar routing and allocation decisions are studied for commercial settings where efficiency, in terms of minimizing cost, is the primary objective. Humanitarian relief is complicated by the presence of multiple objectives beyond minimizing cost. Routing and allocation decisions should result in quick and sufficient distribution of relief supplies, with a focus on equitable service to all aid recipients. However, quantifying such goals can be challenging. In this paper, we define and formulate performance metrics in relief distribution. We focus on efficacy (i.e., the extent to which the goals of quick and sufficient distribution are met) and equity (i.e., the extent to which all recipients receive comparable service). We explore how efficiency, efficacy, and equity influence the structure of vehicle routes and the distribution of resources. We identify trends and routing principles for humanitarian relief based on the analytical properties of the resulting problems and a series of computational tests.