Publication | Open Access
Land-Atmosphere Interactions Exacerbated the Drought and Heatwave over Northern Europe during Summer 2018
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2020
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Unknown Venue
Future Climatic ChangeEngineeringExtreme WeatherClimate ModelingEarth System ScienceEarth ScienceRegional Climate ResponseSurface FluxesClimate ProjectionForest MeteorologySoil MoistureNorthern EuropeClimate ChangeHydrometeorologyMeteorologyLand-atmosphere InteractionsClimate SciencesDrought AnalysisGeographyEarth's ClimateClimate DynamicsClimatic ImpactClimatologyDroughtLow Soil MoistureSummer 2018
We have 4 labels present. Count of non-empty: Background present, Purpose present, Mechanism present, Findings present. So 4 sentences. Let's gather content: Background lines: - "The 2018 drought and heatwave over Europe was exceptional over northern Europe, with unprecedented forest fires in Sweden, searing heat in Germany and water restrictions in England." - "Similar recent heatwaves over various parts of Europe in 2003, 2010 and 2019, combined with dire climate change projections, suggest such events could be on the increase." - "Land‑atmosphere feedbacks may play an increasingly important role in exacerbating extremes, but could also contribute to their predictability on subseasonal time scales." Purpose/Mechanism line: "[Purpose, Mechanism] Monthly, daily and hourly data from ERA5, verified with soil moisture and surface flux measurements over Britain, are examined to investigate the subseasonal-to-seasonal progression of the event and the diurnal evolution of tropospheric profiles to quantify the anomalous land surface contribution to heat and drought." Findings lines: - "Data suggest the region entered a rare condition of becoming a “hot spot” for land‑atmosphere coupling, which exacerbated the heatwave across much of northern Europe." - "We find consistent evidence in field data and reanalysis of a breakpoint threshold of soil moisture at most locations, below which surface fluxes and daily maximum temperatures become hypersensitive to declining soil moisture." Mechanism lines: - The same Purpose, Mechanism line above.
The 2018 drought and heatwave over Europe was exceptional over northern Europe, with unprecedented forest fires in Sweden, searing heat in Germany and water restrictions in England. Monthly, daily and hourly data from ERA5, verified with soil moisture and surface flux measurements over Britain, are examined to investigate the subseasonal-to-seasonal progression of the event and the diurnal evolution of tropospheric profiles to quantify the anomalous land surface contribution to heat and drought. Data suggest the region entered a rare condition of becoming a “hot spot” for land-atmosphere coupling, which exacerbated the heatwave across much of northern Europe. Land-atmosphere feedbacks were prompted by unusually low soil moisture over wide areas, which generated moisture limitations on surface latent heat fluxes, suppressing cloud formation, increasing surface net radiation and driving temperatures higher during several multi-week episodes of extreme heat. We find consistent evidence in field data and reanalysis of a breakpoint threshold of soil moisture at most locations, below which surface fluxes and daily maximum temperatures become hypersensitive to declining soil moisture. Similar recent heatwaves over various parts of Europe in 2003, 2010 and 2019, combined with dire climate change projections, suggest such events could be on the increase. Land-atmosphere feedbacks may play an increasingly important role in exacerbating extremes, but could also contribute to their predictability on subseasonal time scales.