Globalizations

TLDR

Globalization is a plural phenomenon with multiple discourses and dimensions, encompassing social processes and dynamic interactions, and has manifested in at least six historical waves. The study aims to systematize the effects of globalizations on regions and social actors, addressing governance issues centered on states and norms.

Abstract

Globalization is a plural phenomenon. There are at least five major discourses on it that usually ignore each other: competitive economics, social criticism, state (im)potence, culture and planetary ecology. The dimensions of globalization include a number of substantial social processes as well as two different kinds of dynamics: systemic and interacting exogenous actors. Globalizations are not new phenomena. At least six historical waves, beginning with the spread of world religions, may be identified. An attempt is made to systematize the effects of globalizations on different world regions and social actors. Issues of governance are raised, focusing on states and norms.