Enhancement of Phospholipid Binding and Catalytic Efficiency of <i>Streptomyces klenkii</i> Phospholipase D by Increasing Hydrophobicity of the Active Site Loop

Abstract

The mechanism of active site loops of Streptomyces phospholipase D (PLD) binding to the lipid–water interface for catalytic reactions still remains elusive. A flexible loop (residues 376–382) in the active site of Streptomyces klenkii PLD (SkPLD) is conserved within PLDs in most of the Streptomyces species. The residue Ser380 was found to be essential for the enzyme’s adsorption to the interface and its substrate recognition. The S380V mutant showed a 4.8 times higher catalytic efficiency and nearly seven times higher adsorption equilibrium coefficient compared to the wild-type SkPLD. The monolayer film technique has confirmed that the substitution of Ser380 with valine in the loop exhibited positive interaction between the enzyme and PCs with different acyl chain lengths. The results of the interfacial binding properties indicated that the S380V mutant might display suitable phosphatidylserine synthesis activity. The present study will be helpful to explain the role of residue 380 in the active site loops of Streptomyces PLD.