Development of curcumin‐loaded <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> gum nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, control release behavior, and evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobial properties

Abstract

Abstract The present work was conducted to develop a new polysaccharide‐based encapsulation system via electrostatic interactions between Prunus armeniaca gum exudates (PAGE) and Ca 2+ ions to enhance the biological activity and bioavailability of curcumin. The effects of different levels of pH (6, 7, and 8) and ion concentrations (1, 3, and 5) on the particle diameter and surface charge of the samples were examined. The encapsulation efficiency in the PAGE‐based nanoparticles was realized to be 86.1%, indicating the encapsulation technique applied in this study was effective to entrap most of the curcumin within the PAGE matrix. The nanoparticles showed a smooth surface with spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (X‐ray) studies confirmed the formation of polyelectrolyte complexation. The cumulative release of curcumin in simulated gastrointestinal tract was less than 75%, revealing a gradual release trend. Both pure curcumin and curcumin‐loaded nanoparticles were toxic to the cancer cell lines.