A Blockchain-Based Two-Stage Secure Spectrum Intelligent Sensing and Sharing Auction Mechanism

Abstract

With the access of massive mobile devices, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce. How to effectively and securely utilize the limited spectrum resources has become a fundamental challenge for future mobile communication systems. Focusing on intelligent sensing and sharing, this article proposes a blockchain-based two-stage secure spectrum intelligent sensing and sharing auction mechanism (BISA), which selects appropriate base stations to form a consortium blockchain to guarantee secure and efficient spectrum auction with low complexity. In the first stage, a reverse-auction-based incentive mechanism is presented to provide bidding strategies for the primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) selecting the PU that maximizes the utility. In the second stage, a unit-utility-based auction algorithm is proposed to achieve a stable match between PUs and SUs. PUs will select the SU with the maximum unit utility to complete the auction. Then, the transaction records are formed into blocks and uploaded to guarantee the security of transactions. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing methods, the proposed BISA increases the total utility and throughput of SUs by 216.4% and 189.3%, respectively.